Комментарий к Бамидбар 33:55
וְאִם־לֹ֨א תוֹרִ֜ישׁוּ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָרֶץ֮ מִפְּנֵיכֶם֒ וְהָיָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תּוֹתִ֣ירוּ מֵהֶ֔ם לְשִׂכִּים֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וְלִצְנִינִ֖ם בְּצִדֵּיכֶ֑ם וְצָרֲר֣וּ אֶתְכֶ֔ם עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֹשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃
Но если вы не будете изгонять жителей земли перед вами, то те, кого вы оставите от них, будут как шипы в ваших глазах и как уколы по бокам вашим, и они будут преследовать вас в стране, где вы живете ,
Rashi on Numbers
והיה אשר תותירו מהם THEN IT SHALL COME TO PASS THAT THOSE WHOM YE LEAVE OF THEM shall be a misfortune for you.
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Ramban on Numbers
L’SIKIM’ IN YOUR EYES — “‘like pins’ which prick out your eyes. The [Aramaic] Targum [Onkelos] of the Hebrew word yetheidoth30Exodus 27:19. (pins) is sikim. ‘V’LITZNINIM.’ Translators have interpreted this [word] in the sense of [the phrase] mesuchath (hedged by) thorns31Proverbs 15:19. encircling you so that they enclose and imprison you and you cannot go out or come in.” This is Rashi’s language.
Now it is [indeed] clear that sikim means “sharp thorns,” and is related to [the expression]: I will take away ‘mesukatho’ (the hedge thereof);32Isaiah 5:5. I will ‘sach’ (hedge up) thy way with thorns;33Hosea 2:8. Hast Thou not ‘sachta’ (made a hedge) about him?;34Job 1:10. and put ‘sakin’ to thy throat35Proverbs 23:2. — [all these phrases referring to] something sharp, made from a thorn or from iron. V’litzninim is likewise [a term for] a piercing thorn36Ezekiel 28:24. related to the expression: and taketh it even ‘mitzinim’ out of the thorns);37Job 5:5. ‘tzinim’ (thorns) and snares are in the way of the crooked,38Proverbs 22:5. and [the word tzinim in these two verses] lacks the double letter [‘nun,’ since the full word is tzninim, as in the verse before us]. But the intention of [the expression here] ‘l’sikim’ in your eyes is: “to mislead you so that you will not see nor understand,” just as in [the expression], for the bribe ‘blindeth’ the open-eyed,39Exodus 23:8. A bribe does not “blind” physically but misleads the recipient to render an unjust decision. and as, nor put a stumbling-block before ‘the blind,’40Leviticus 19:14. In the opinion of the Rabbis this establishes the prohibition against giving misleading advice to a person who is “blind” (unsuspecting) in a certain matter. See “The Commandments,” Vol. II, pp. 277-278. according to the opinion of our Rabbis. Thus the verse is saying that they [the inhabitants of the Land] will “prick out” your eyes by misleading you, because you will not perceive nor understand [the danger], and they will teach you [to do] all their abominations41Deuteronomy 20:18. and to worship their gods, just as He said, They shall not dwell in thy Land, lest they make thee sin against Me, for thou wilt serve their gods.42Exodus 23:33. After being thorns in your eyes and misleading you to turn away from Me, they will be pricks in your sides, causing you suffering and pain, by plundering and despoiling you. And after that they shall harass you,43Verse 55 here. meaning that they will fight against you and bring you under siege, and I will then send you into exile, a whole captivity,44Amos 1:6. in their place. For as I thought to do unto them45Verse 56. because of you, that is, to send all of them into exile from the Land, so that you should leave none of them any more there,46Ezekiel 39:28. but you have not hearkened to My voice, therefore so will I do unto you45Verse 56. and I will leave not a single one of you in the Land.
In a similar way Joshua said: And they shall be a snare and a trap unto you, and scourge in your sides, and pricks in your eyes, until ye perish from off this good Land.47Joshua 23:13. Joshua said a snare and a trap referring to the errors into which they will lead you, as in [the expression], for thou wilt serve their gods — for they will be ‘a snare’ unto thee;42Exodus 23:33. and a scourge in your sides which means that they will chastise you with shotim (whips)48The Hebrew word ul’shoteit [in Joshua 23:13, which is usually translated: as a scourge], is understood here by Ramban as coming from the noun shot (a whip). so that they may plunder, despoil and cause you great suffering; and pricks in your eyes, this refers to blinding of the perception of the heart, so as to further mislead you after their gods; until ye perish from off this good Land, similar to that which it is said, lest they, seeing with their eyes, and hearing with their ears, and understanding with their heart, return and be healed.49Isaiah 6:10.
Now it is [indeed] clear that sikim means “sharp thorns,” and is related to [the expression]: I will take away ‘mesukatho’ (the hedge thereof);32Isaiah 5:5. I will ‘sach’ (hedge up) thy way with thorns;33Hosea 2:8. Hast Thou not ‘sachta’ (made a hedge) about him?;34Job 1:10. and put ‘sakin’ to thy throat35Proverbs 23:2. — [all these phrases referring to] something sharp, made from a thorn or from iron. V’litzninim is likewise [a term for] a piercing thorn36Ezekiel 28:24. related to the expression: and taketh it even ‘mitzinim’ out of the thorns);37Job 5:5. ‘tzinim’ (thorns) and snares are in the way of the crooked,38Proverbs 22:5. and [the word tzinim in these two verses] lacks the double letter [‘nun,’ since the full word is tzninim, as in the verse before us]. But the intention of [the expression here] ‘l’sikim’ in your eyes is: “to mislead you so that you will not see nor understand,” just as in [the expression], for the bribe ‘blindeth’ the open-eyed,39Exodus 23:8. A bribe does not “blind” physically but misleads the recipient to render an unjust decision. and as, nor put a stumbling-block before ‘the blind,’40Leviticus 19:14. In the opinion of the Rabbis this establishes the prohibition against giving misleading advice to a person who is “blind” (unsuspecting) in a certain matter. See “The Commandments,” Vol. II, pp. 277-278. according to the opinion of our Rabbis. Thus the verse is saying that they [the inhabitants of the Land] will “prick out” your eyes by misleading you, because you will not perceive nor understand [the danger], and they will teach you [to do] all their abominations41Deuteronomy 20:18. and to worship their gods, just as He said, They shall not dwell in thy Land, lest they make thee sin against Me, for thou wilt serve their gods.42Exodus 23:33. After being thorns in your eyes and misleading you to turn away from Me, they will be pricks in your sides, causing you suffering and pain, by plundering and despoiling you. And after that they shall harass you,43Verse 55 here. meaning that they will fight against you and bring you under siege, and I will then send you into exile, a whole captivity,44Amos 1:6. in their place. For as I thought to do unto them45Verse 56. because of you, that is, to send all of them into exile from the Land, so that you should leave none of them any more there,46Ezekiel 39:28. but you have not hearkened to My voice, therefore so will I do unto you45Verse 56. and I will leave not a single one of you in the Land.
In a similar way Joshua said: And they shall be a snare and a trap unto you, and scourge in your sides, and pricks in your eyes, until ye perish from off this good Land.47Joshua 23:13. Joshua said a snare and a trap referring to the errors into which they will lead you, as in [the expression], for thou wilt serve their gods — for they will be ‘a snare’ unto thee;42Exodus 23:33. and a scourge in your sides which means that they will chastise you with shotim (whips)48The Hebrew word ul’shoteit [in Joshua 23:13, which is usually translated: as a scourge], is understood here by Ramban as coming from the noun shot (a whip). so that they may plunder, despoil and cause you great suffering; and pricks in your eyes, this refers to blinding of the perception of the heart, so as to further mislead you after their gods; until ye perish from off this good Land, similar to that which it is said, lest they, seeing with their eyes, and hearing with their ears, and understanding with their heart, return and be healed.49Isaiah 6:10.
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Or HaChaim on Numbers
ואם לא תורישו את יושבי הארץ, "And if you will fail to drive out the inhabitants of the land, etc." According to Megillah 10 which says that wherever the word והיה occurs it alludes to something joyful, the meaning of the word here would be that although the reason the Israelites would decide to allow some of these inhabitants to remain would be in order that they perform menial duties for them, etc., i.e. in order to enjoy their services, G'd would see to it that instead these remaining inhabitants would prove to be thorns in their eyes and pricks in their sides and that these foreigners would harass the new owners.
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