Комментарий к Шмот 29:2

ולחם מצות וחלת מצת ... ורקיקי מצות AND UNLEAVENED BREAD, AND PIERCED CAKES UNLEAVENED … AND WAFERS UNLEAVENED — Here you have these three kinds: “satured” with scalding water, and pierced cakes, and wafers. The לחם מצות, “unleavened bread” mentioned here is that which is termed further on in this section (v. 23) חלת לחם שמן, “pierced cake of oiled bread”, being so termed because they put unto the saturated dough as much oil as they put into the pieced cakes and wafers together (Menachot 89a). Of each of these kinds there were brought ten cakes (Menachot 76a).

ולחם מצות, is called לחם. This “bread,” though described as “unleavened,” contained oil as this is the same “bread” described as לחם שמן in Leviticus 8,26 where the inauguration rites are described. The meaning of the various other flour-based items mentioned here are described in detail in Menachot folios 74 and 75. There were a total of ten such flour-based products of each category listed here.

Is referred to later on. . . Rashi wishes to prove that the “unleavened bread” mentioned here is actually “scalded dough.” The term “bread” comprises all types, so Rashi explains that here, “bread” means “scalded dough.” His proof is from (Vayikra 6:13), “This is the offering of Aharon and his sons. . . on the day that he is anointed.” [This verse raises a question:] What does, “The day that he is anointed,” teach us regarding his sons? [The answer is:] The installation of an ordinary kohein into his service, in all generations, is being compared to the Kohein Gadol’s daily offering. This offering is called chavisin, and is of “scalded dough” — as it is written, “You shall bring it well scalded in boiling water” (ibid. v. 14). Therefore, on the day of installation of Aharon’s sons, who are ordinary kohanim, there is an offering is of “scalded dough.” [See Menachos 78a and Rashi there.] The “scalded dough” is bread whose dough is completely scalded in boiling water, then baked in an oven, and then fried in a pan. The “loaves” and “wafers” are only baked in an oven. The “loaves” are mixed with oil while still flour. The “wafers” are first baked and then anointed with oil in the shape of the Greek letter chi, and the rest of their oil is consumed by the kohanim. Some say that the wafers are repeatedly anointed until the whole log of oil is used up. (Re”m)