Комментарий к Шмот 32:27
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׂ֥ימוּ אִישׁ־חַרְבּ֖וֹ עַל־יְרֵכ֑וֹ עִבְר֨וּ וָשׁ֜וּבוּ מִשַּׁ֤עַר לָשַׁ֙עַר֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהִרְג֧וּ אִֽישׁ־אֶת־אָחִ֛יו וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבֽוֹ׃
И сказал им: 'Так говорит Господь, Бог Израилев: положи каждый меч свой на свое бедро и ходи туда и обратно от ворот к воротам по всему стангу, и заколи каждого человека своим братом, и каждого его спутника, и каждого его сосед.'
Rashi on Exodus
כה אמר הי וגו׳ THUS SAITH THE LORD etc. — Where did he say so? In the command, (Exodus 22:19) “He that sacrificeth unto any god shall utterly be destroyed”. Thus is it stated in the Mechilta.
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Ramban on Exodus
THUS SAITH THE ETERNAL, THE G-D OF ISRAEL. The reason for this expression383‘Elokei’ (the G-d of) Israel — the Divine Name which denotes the attribute of justice. is that since the worshippers of the calf had intended to sacrifice to the G-d of Israel, therefore the attribute of justice extracted punishment from them, because they “mutilated the shoots” [of faith],384See Note 308 above. and besides, for the judgment is G-d’s.385Deuteronomy 1:17. It is for this reason that he [Moses], said of the Levites, for the G-d of Israel hath separated you from the congregation of Israel,386Numbers 16:9. for the Service is to the G-d of Israel, and to His Name they were separated by virtue of this meritorious deed.
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Sforno on Exodus
עברו ושובו משער לשער; in order to secure atonement for those members of the people who had not actively participated in the sin but were guilty of not having protested the sin. By not now protesting the execution of the guilty ones either they proved deserving of being forgiven.
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