Комментарий о цитате к Дварим 28:28

שיעמום – shock/sudden calamity, which is the Aramaic translation of (Deuteronomy 28:28): “and dismay” is and sudden calamity of the heart, and the dispute of Rabbi Eliezer and Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel regards a woman who is not idle, but rather engages in all sorts of merriment and there is lewdness involved. But there isn’t boredom/shock for there is no boredom but rather with one who sits and gazes/is astonished and is completely idle, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Eliezer.

אבן, Yaakov uses the word as meaning אב, “father, provider.” The letter נון at the end is extraneous, just as it is extraneous in such words as שגעון and עוררן in Deuteronomy 28,28, and just as the letter ם at the end of such words as ריקם in Genesis 31,42 and ותהי הכנם in Exodus 8,13 is superfluous.

“who is the man…” A house, a vineyard, and a woman. The Rambam (Hilchot De’ot 5:11) put (the verse about) a vineyard before (the verse about) a house (whereas the Torah put house first) because in the rebuke it is written “…a woman you will betroth, a house you will build, a vineyard…” (Deuteronomy 28:30) because in the curse everything is reversed, from which we learn it would have been appropriate to put the vineyard for his livelihood before the house, and the verse here presents a difficulty, see Rashi. (Rashi says that the verse refers to the fourth year’s produce - that is, he may well have planted it before building a house.) Behold, we rely on Rabbi Nehorai at the end of Kiddushin who said, “I set aside all the trades in the world, and I teach my son only Torah,” which is like Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai in Brachot 35b; and Rabbi Yishmael challenged this from the verse “you will gather your grain.” It seems to me that when Israel is settled on their Land, it is a mitzvah to gather your grain, not for the need of making a livelihood, because the words of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and Rabbi Nehorai are correct, but rather because of the mitzvah of developing the Land of Israel, and because of this Boaz winnowed barley in the threshing room and Elisha the prophet plowed with twelve yoke of oxen before him. And not only agricultural work, but study of all the professions because of (the mitzvah of) developing and honoring the Land of Israel, so that people will not say there is no shoemaker in all of the Land of Israel, or a builder, and the like, and bring them far distant lands. Therefore, study of all the professions is a mitzvah, and Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and Rabbi Nehorai were referring to when we are dispersed amongst the nations who have many professionals and do not need us, and one who occupies himself with them - it is in order to find a livelihood; therefore, “I set aside all the trades in the world, and I teach my son only Torah.” And when they do the will of the Omnipresent, planting is not for making a livelihood, but rather is for the mitzvah; therefore, a house precedes a vineyard, but in the rebuke, when they are not acting according to Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, and the vineyard is for making a livelihood, it would be appropriate to place the vineyard before the house, but when acting from madness (see Deuteronomy 28:28) everything is turned upside down.