Талмуд к Шмот 3:14

The following divine names may not be erased, viz.¹lit. ‘he who writes’. Alef-lamed-he-yod-mem,²Meaning ‘God’. Alef-daleth-nun-yod,³Translated ‘Lord’. Yod-he-waw-he,⁴Composing the Tetragrammaton. Shaddai,⁵i.e. ‘Almighty’. Ẓeba’oth,⁶Meaning ‘[Lord of] hosts’. ‘Eheyeh-’asher-’eheyeh.⁷I am that I am (Ex. 3, 14). R. Jose says: Ẓeba’oth is generally treated as a secular noun.⁸Which may therefore be erased.

The following divine names may not be erased,¹lit. ‘he who writes’. viz. Alef-lamed,²Pronounced ’El (God). Alef-daleth,³The first two letters of the divine name Alef-daleth-nun-yod (Lord). Yod-he,⁴The first half of the Tetragrammaton and also constituting a name of God, Yah. Shaddai,⁵Almighty. Ẓeba’oth,⁶[Lord of] hosts. ’Eheyeh ’asher ’Eheyeh.⁷‘I am that I am’ (cf. Ex. 3, 14). R. Jose says: Ẓeba’oth is a secular noun.⁸And may be erased. R. Simeon b. Eleazar said: The Aguddah⁹[H reads חגירה in agreement with j. Meg. 71d.] family, who were scribes in Jerusalem, used to erase Ẓeba’oth, because they treated it as a secular noun, as it is stated, Captains of hosts shall be appointed at the head of the people.¹⁰Deut. 20, 9. Here צבאית refers to the army of Israel.

Ten times did the High Priest pronounce the Name on the Day of Atonement¹⁷⁹Babli 39b.: Six times with the bull¹⁸⁰3 times with the bull confessing his sins the first time; 3 times with the bull confessing the sins of the Cohanim., and three with the he-goat, and once with the lots¹⁸¹Mishnah 4:1.. Those near were falling on their faces, those farther away were saying “Praised be the glory of His Kingdom forever and ever”. These and those did not move away from there before they forgot it. This is My Name forever¹⁸²Ex. 3:14., “this is My Name to conceal.¹⁸³Babli Pesaḥim 50a.” In earlier times he was saying it aloud. Since the lawless increased, he said it softly. Rebbi Tarphon said, I was standing in a row with my brothers the Cohanim and turned my ear towards the High Priest, when I heard him mixing it with the song of the Cohanim¹⁸⁴They sang “Praised be the glory of His Kingdom forever and ever” not after he had pronounced the name but immediately when he started pronouncing it.. In earlier times it was given to everybody. Since the lawless increased, it was given only to qualified ones.

All letters written with the Name as prefix are profane and may be erased, e. g., to the Eternal, by the Eternal, as the Eternal, that the Eternal, since we find that on the diadem it was separate from it, “holy to” at the bottom, “the Eternal” at the top³⁹⁰Yoma4:1 Note 27; Babli Šabbat 63b, Sukkah 5a. For the following, Ševuot 35b.. All letters written with the Name as suffix are holy and may not be erased, e. g., our God, your God. These are the Names which may not be erased: one who writes the Name of four letters, whether YH or AD³⁹¹The Name אֲדֹנָי used as pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton. If the intention is to אֲדֹנַי “my masters”, the word is profane and may be erased.. “El, Elohim, Elohei, Elohenu, Elohekhem, Shadday, Sabaoth, Ehye-Ašer-Ehye.” If one writes AD from Adonai, EH from Ehye, ŠD from Shadday, ṢB from Sabaoth, these may be erased and one erases their additions³⁹²אֵד “vapor”, אַה has no sense, שַׁד “female breast” שֶׁד “spirit”, צָב “turtle” are profane words.. “To Elohim” one erases “to”; “to the Eternal” one erases “to”³⁹³As noted at the start of the paragraph.. If he wrote YH³⁹⁴Which is a divine Name in its own right and should have been mentioned in the list. of the four-letter Name, EL from Elohim, it may not be erased. This is the rule: Any which at another place is a permanent Name may not be erased.

The Holy Blessed One is praised with ten names. They are as follows: A-D-O-N-A-I, E-L-O-H-I-M, E-L-O-A-H, E-L-O-H-E-Kh-A, E-L-O-H-E-Kh-E-M, E-L, E-H-I-Y-E-H A-S-H-E-R E-H-I-Y-E-H, Sh-A-D-A-I, and Tzevaot. Rabbi Yosei disagreed that Tzevaot was one of them, for it says (Deuteronomy 20:9), “Appoint generals for the armies (tzevaot) to head the people.”