Halakhah sa Deuteronomio 5:12: Shulchan Shel Arba, Kol Bo, Abudarham & Mishneh Torah, Sabbath

The first meal is the aspect of “shamor”²⁶¹From the commandment in the 10 commandments to observe Shabbat in Dt 5:12. – “Observe!” which is Malkhut, and “the Bride,” which is why Shabbat is called a “bride.” And this why it says, “Come bride, Come and let us go out to greet the Sabbath bride and queen,” and this is “Eat it today”²⁶²Ex 16:25. – [ikhlu-hu] the “day” for whom we make the Shabbat evening Kiddush over wine.²⁶³Midrashic creative philology reads ikhlu-hu “eat it” as something like “I shall make her a bride” – playing upon the similarities between kalah – “bride “and akhal – “eat.”

And I found in the [Midrash] Tanchuma, "All matters of Shabbat are doubled: Two sheep; A cantillation (Mizmor), a song for Shabbat; two breads (lechem mishneh); 'Remember' (Exodus 20:8) and 'Guard' (Deuteronomy 5:12) - and it appears that the custom to light two lights is from this." All of this is from the composition by Rabbi Asher, from the Sefer HaMinhagot (Book of Customs). And it is also written there, "And all Israel is obligated to eat three meals on Shabbat. And the early ones were accustomed to break between one meal and another in the morning, and to spread a [new] tablecloth and recite the grace after the meals. And there is one who gets up from the table to stroll outside the house, or in the house, and say a chapter or a mishnah." And it is a proper custom, since the spreading of a tablecloth is called a break [only] with regards to a group that was sitting and the [Shabbat begun] upon them - they may spread a tablecloth and recite Kiddush.

The reason women are exempt from time-triggered positive commandments is that a woman is subjugated to her husband fo rthe fulfillment of his needs. If she were obligated to perform time-triggered commandments, it might happen that just when she is performing the commandment her husband will command her to do his bidding. If she were to fulfill the command of the Creator and ignores his [her husband's] command, woe to her from her husband! And if she were to fulfill his command and ignore that of the Creator, woe to her from her Maker! Therefore the creator exempted her from his commandments, so that she can be at peace with her husband.