Midrash sa Deuteronomio 22:19: Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Bamidbar Rabbah, Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael & Pesikta Rabbati

(Exod. 30:12): WHEN YOU TAKE A CENSUS <…, EACH SHALL GIVE A RANSOM FOR HIS LIFE…,> SO THAT NO PLAGUE COME UPON THEM. When Moses heard this, he was afraid, and said (as Job. 2:4): SKIN FOR SKIN! ALL THAT ONE HAS HE WILL GIVE FOR HIS LIFE.¹⁸Tanh., Exod. 9:11; cf. below, Numb. 2:19. R. Judah b. R. Il'ay said: Moses said: We have already found that a ransom for a person's life is a talent of silver. It is so stated (in I Kings 20:39): IT WILL BE YOUR LIFE FOR HIS LIFE OR YOU WILL PAY A TALENT [OF SILVER]. R. Johanan said: From whom did he learn <about the ransom >? From the one who commits libel. Thus it is stated (concerning the man who commits libel against his virgin bride in Deut. 22:19): AND THEY SHALL FINE HIM A HUNDRED <SHEKELS OF> SILVER. Now we have committed libel against the Holy One¹⁹PR 10:12. and said (of the golden calf in Exod. 32:4): THIS IS YOUR GOD, O ISRAEL. <Therefore,> each and every one of us must give a hundred <shekels> of silver. Resh Laqish said: Moses learned <about the ransom> from <the law concerning > the rapist. It is written (concerning the rapist in Deut. 22:29): THE MAN WHO LAY WITH HER SHALL GIVE [TO THE YOUNG WOMAN'S FATHER FIFTY <SHEKELS OF> SILVER]. Now we have raped the <divine> word. Thus it is written (in Exod. 20:3): YOU SHALL HAVE NO [OTHER GODS] <BESIDES ME>; and we have committed idolatry. <Therefore,> each and every one of us must give fifty < shekels of> silver. R. Judah bar Simon said: Moses learned from <the law concerning> a goring bull, since it is stated (in Exod. 21:32): IF A BULL GORES A MALE [OR FEMALE] SLAVE, [HE SHALL GIVE THIRTY SHEKELS OF SILVER TO THE MASTER]. Now we have exchanged his glory for a bull. It is so stated (in Ps. 106:20): THUS THEY EXCHANGED THEIR GLORY FOR THE IMAGE OF A BULL. Does every one of us have to give thirty shekels? The Holy One knew what was in Moses' heart. He said to him: By your life, <the ransom will be> not a talent of silver, not a hundred < shekels of> silver, not fifty shekels of silver, and not thirty shekels, but (as in Exod. 30:13): <EVERYONE WHO IS ENTERED IN THE RECORDS > SHALL GIVE THIS: <A HALF SHEKEL >.

“They shall send out from the camp every leper…” – you find that a king of flesh and blood has nobility; God, too, has nobility, as it is stated: “Take a census of [se’u et rosh]⁵Literally, elevate them. the entire congregation of the children of Israel…” (Numbers 1:2). A king of flesh and blood has senior officials; God, too, has senior officials: “The prince of the princes of the Levites, [Elazar son of Aaron the priest]” (Numbers 3:32). Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: He [Elazar] was an overseer of officials. A king of flesh and blood distributes sustenance to his legions; God, too, distributes sustenance, as it is stated: “Behold, I am raining bread for you from the heavens” (Exodus 16:4). A king of flesh and blood distributes blankets and garments to his soldiers; the same is true of God, as it is stated: “Your garments did not become worn…” (Deuteronomy 8:4). A king of flesh and blood issues a death sentence; God, too, issues a death sentence, as it is stated: “The adulterer and the adulteress shall be put to death” (Leviticus 20:10). A king of flesh and blood exacts fines; God, too, exacts fines, as it is stated: “They shall fine him one hundred silver pieces” (Deuteronomy 22:19). A king of flesh and blood inflicts corporal punishment; God, too, inflicts corporal punishment, as it is stated: “Forty he shall flog him; he shall not add” (Deuteronomy 25:3). A king of flesh and blood has a metal mine to which the banished are exiled; God, too, has a metal mine⁶This is meant metaphorically; there is a place to which people are banished. to which the banished are exiled, as it is stated: “They shall send out from the camp every leper…”

"then he shall be punished": (by payment of) money. You say this, but perhaps death is meant? It follows, inductively. It is written here "punish," and, elsewhere (Devarim 22:19) "and they shall punish (i.e., fine) him a hundred (shekels of) silver." Just as there, money; so, here, money.