וְאֶתְמ֗וּל עַמִּי֙ לְאוֹיֵ֣ב יְקוֹמֵ֔ם מִמּ֣וּל שַׂלְמָ֔ה אֶ֖דֶר תַּפְשִׁט֑וּן מֵעֹבְרִ֣ים בֶּ֔טַח שׁוּבֵ֖י מִלְחָמָֽה׃
Ngunit kahapon lamang ay bumangon ang Aking bayan na parang kaaway; mula sa ibabaw ng kasuotan ay hinuhubad ninyo ang marangal na balabal ng mga dumaraan nang panatag, kaya nagiging tulad sila ng mga bumabalik mula sa digmaan.
Shemot Rabbah
It is not written here, “they abandoned [averu] the path that I commanded them,” but rather, “they have quickly deviated [saru] from the path” (Exodus 32:8). When they were in Sinai they were lilies and roses; now they have become foul [saryut], they became liars. They did not spend even one or two hours,22They did not remain loyal to God for even a short time. but they deviated immediately.
Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai said: They were with the Holy One blessed be He for eleven days, and for twenty-nine days they were calculating how to craft the calf, as it is written: “Eleven days from Ḥorev” (Deuteronomy 1:2). And then they came to the path [derekh] of Esau – “via [derekh] Mount Seir” (Deuteronomy 1:2).23Esau dwelled in Seir (see Genesis 36:8–9) and is therefore sometimes called Seir. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: They were with the Holy One blessed be He for twenty-nine days, and for eleven days they were calculating how to craft the calf, as it is written: “Eleven days from Ḥorev via [derekh] Mount Seir,” that they performed an act of Seir.24They acted like Esau for eleven days in that they planned on crafting the golden calf.
Another matter: “Mount Seir” – just as Esau cursed and blasphemed, they too were cursing and blaspheming before the idol. Just as Esau worshipped idols, they too did so. Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Ilai says: They were with the Holy One blessed be He for one day. From where is this derived? It is as Micah explicates: “Yesterday, My people arose as an enemy” (Micah 2:8). The Holy One blessed be He said to them: ‘Yesterday you said: “Everything that the Lord spoke, we will perform and we will heed” (Exodus 24:7), and today: “This is your god Israel” (Exodus 32:4)?’ Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta said: Two days, as it is stated: “My people has forgotten Me for days without number” (Jeremiah 2:32). How many are days? Two.25This is the minimum number that can be implied by the plural term days. Rabbi Yona said: The source is from another verse, as it is stated: “They seek Me daily [yom yom]” (Isaiah 58:2).26The verse is understood to mean that they sought God for two days, as the term day [yom] is stated twice.
Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai said: They were with the Holy One blessed be He for eleven days, and for twenty-nine days they were calculating how to craft the calf, as it is written: “Eleven days from Ḥorev” (Deuteronomy 1:2). And then they came to the path [derekh] of Esau – “via [derekh] Mount Seir” (Deuteronomy 1:2).23Esau dwelled in Seir (see Genesis 36:8–9) and is therefore sometimes called Seir. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: They were with the Holy One blessed be He for twenty-nine days, and for eleven days they were calculating how to craft the calf, as it is written: “Eleven days from Ḥorev via [derekh] Mount Seir,” that they performed an act of Seir.24They acted like Esau for eleven days in that they planned on crafting the golden calf.
Another matter: “Mount Seir” – just as Esau cursed and blasphemed, they too were cursing and blaspheming before the idol. Just as Esau worshipped idols, they too did so. Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Ilai says: They were with the Holy One blessed be He for one day. From where is this derived? It is as Micah explicates: “Yesterday, My people arose as an enemy” (Micah 2:8). The Holy One blessed be He said to them: ‘Yesterday you said: “Everything that the Lord spoke, we will perform and we will heed” (Exodus 24:7), and today: “This is your god Israel” (Exodus 32:4)?’ Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta said: Two days, as it is stated: “My people has forgotten Me for days without number” (Jeremiah 2:32). How many are days? Two.25This is the minimum number that can be implied by the plural term days. Rabbi Yona said: The source is from another verse, as it is stated: “They seek Me daily [yom yom]” (Isaiah 58:2).26The verse is understood to mean that they sought God for two days, as the term day [yom] is stated twice.