Komentaryong Sumisipi para sa Levitico 23:18

The [absence of either the] bullocks or the rams or the lambs does not invalidate the others. On Rosh Hodesh and festivals, bullocks, rams and lambs are offered, together with “drink-offerings” consisting of wine, flour and oil (see Numbers 28:11ff and Leviticus 23:18). If the community does not bring all of these, they can still fulfill the mitzvah of the offerings that they do bring.

die Widder und die Lämmer. Für das Wochenfest werden (Num. 28, 27) 2 Stiere, ein Widder und 7 Lämmer als Musaf-Opfer vorgeschrieben, ausserdem (Lev. 23, 18) 7 Lämmer, 1 Stier und 2 Widder als Zugabe-Opfer zum Brotopfer. Die Stiere des Musafopfers hindern den Stier, der als Zugabe-Opfer zum Brotopfer vorgeschrieben ist, nicht, sondern dieser kann dargebracht werden, wenn auch jene nicht dargebracht wurden, und ebenso umgekehrt ; ebenso ist es mit den Widdern und mit den Lämmern. Die Stiere, der Widder und die Lämmer, die zum Mussafopfer gehören, hindern sich auch unter einander nicht (s. weiter Mischna 4) ; der Stier, die Widder und die Lämmer dagegen, die zum Brotopfer gehören, hindern einander, sie dürfen nur zusammen dargebracht werden, wenn eines der dazu gehörenden Tiere fehlt, so darf keines von ihnen dargebracht werden (s. Talmud). Die Mischna in den Talmudausgaben und ed. Lowe fügt auch noch das Wort והשעירים hinzu, das in den sonstigen Mischna-Ausgaben hier fehlt, es sind die ebenfalls anden angeführten Stellen (Lev. 23, 19; Num. 28, 30) vorgeschriebenen Böcke gemeint.

He mentioned [with reference to the Additional Offerings of] the first day of the seventh month [i.e., the New Year], beside the burnt-offering of the New Moon and the meal-offering thereof, but He did not mention the sin-offering of the New Moon,²⁰⁷Above, 28:15. while [with reference to] the Day of Atonement He did mention beside the sin-offering of atonement,²⁰⁸Further, Verse 11. but did not mention the burnt-offering of atonement.²⁰⁹Leviticus 16:5. The reason for this is that concerning the Day of Atonement, it is obvious that the burnt-offering [which He commanded here to be brought on that day]²¹⁰Verse 8 here. is beside the burnt-offering which He commanded there,²⁰⁹Leviticus 16:5. for both of them are commanded with reference to the same day, and they are not equal; for there [in the Book of Leviticus] the Israelites were only commanded [to bring on the Day of Atonement] one ram for a burnt-offering,²⁰⁹Leviticus 16:5. and here He commanded as a burnt-offering [that they bring] a bullock, a ram, and seven he-lambs.²¹⁰Verse 8 here. If so, it is quite clear that these [offerings mentioned here] are in addition to those mentioned there. But [in the case of] the sin-offering, which is the same [both] here²⁰⁸Further, Verse 11. and there,²⁰⁹Leviticus 16:5. one might possibly have made a mistake in connection with it, and think that [the one commanded here] is the same sin-offering which is mentioned there, since [we do not find] two sin-offerings [brought] on one day. Therefore when mentioning it [here] He expressly stated: [one he-goat for a sin-offering] ‘beside the sin-offering of atonement,’²⁰⁸Further, Verse 11. for that sin-offering [mentioned in the Book of Leviticus] is the sin-offering of atonement, that is to say, it is the inner sin-offering²¹¹See Vol. III, p. 70, Note 52. that is burnt [outside the camp, or outside the city of Jerusalem], and atones for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions, even all their sins;²¹²Leviticus 16:16. whereas this outer sin-offering²¹¹See Vol. III, p. 70, Note 52. is like other sin-offerings, which come together with the Additional Offerings.²¹³These sin-offerings were eaten by male priests in the Sanctuary Court on the same day that they were slaughtered, and on the evening of that day until midnight. In the case of the sin-offering of the Day of Atonement, however, since eating is forbidden on the actual Day of Atonement, the sin-offering could of course only be eaten in the evening after the fast until midnight. Similarly [when speaking about] the day of the first-fruits [the Festival of Weeks], it was not necessary to say that what is commanded here is “beside what has been said about it in the section of the festivals,”²¹⁴Leviticus, 23:18. since the two sections are said about the same day, and the offerings are not the same [and therefore it is self-understood that the offerings mentioned here are in addition to those mentioned there]. Nor was it necessary to state [here when speaking about the offerings of the Festival of Weeks, i.e., Shavuoth, that they are beside] the sin-offering [mentioned in the section of the festivals],²¹⁵Ibid., Verse 19. because Scripture said there explicitly, And ye shall present with the bread [seven lambs etc. And ye shall offer one he-goat for a sin-offering etc.],²¹⁶Ibid., Verses 18-19. and it is quite clear [therefore] that all [the offerings] mentioned there come because of the [two] loaves and must he brought with them, and that these mentioned here are in addition to them. But in the case of the New Moon of this seventh month, one might have thought that when Scripture says, And in your New Moons ye shall present etc.²¹⁷Above, 28:11. it applies to all the other months [of the year], but that [on the New Moon of] the seventh month the total offering is to be only this [group of] offerings which He especially commanded for it; therefore it was necessary to say, beside the burnt-offering of the New Moon, and the meal-offering thereof.²¹⁸Verse 6 here. And having mentioned this, we can already deduce that everything that is mentioned in the section of And in your New Moons²¹⁷Above, 28:11. is an obligation for all months, including the sin-offering [of the New Moon], and therefore it was not necessary to say [here in the case of the New Year]: “beside the burnt-offering of the New Moon, and the meal-offering thereof ‘and the sin-offering thereof.’”