בְּצֹאנָ֣ם וּבִבְקָרָ֗ם יֵֽלְכ֛וּ לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָ֑אוּ חָלַ֖ץ מֵהֶֽם׃
Pupunta silang dala ang kanilang mga kawan at mga baka upang hanapin ang Walang-Hanggan, ngunit hindi nila Siya matatagpuan; Siya'y lumayo na sa kanila.
Rabbeinu Bahya
A Kabbalistic approach: the institution of the levirate marriage is of great value to the soul of the departed. It is a known fact that a soul derives added enjoyment when it is allowed to resurface (be re-incarnated) as a member of the family it had once belonged to seeing it already feels that it belongs. This is why the Torah writes in its introduction of this subject: “when brothers dwell together” (verse 4). Our sages (Yevamot 17) interpret these words as meaning that the rule of the levirate marriage applies only if both brothers lived on earth at one and the same time, however, briefly. If the youngest brother had been born after the oldest had died (or any other brother had died) then this mystical link does not exist between these brothers and the legislation does not apply to them.
The underlying reason for חליצה, i.e. the removal of the shoe of the surviving brother who refuses to perform the levirate marriage with his sister-in-law, the widow of his brother, is that his refusal is considered an act of cruelty towards the soul of his deceased brother. The removal of his shoe is a symbolic act signifying severance of reciprocal feelings of brotherliness. The very expression וחלצה, is similar to Hoseah 5,6: “the Lord withdrew from them,” (the Israelites who vainly tried to mollify Him with their sacrifices) seeing they had betrayed the Lord. Also the expression נעלו normally translated as “his shoe,” has a dual meaning, is the same as the word נעל, “locked out,” as in “locked the door.” The surviving brother had “locked out” the soul of his deceased brother.
The reason the Torah writes (the apparently superfluous words) מעל רגלו “from his foot,” is an allusion to the fact that the foot, leg, is the reason for someone moving somewhere, going away. In this instance, that foot had become the cause for the soul of the deceased brother having to move to another family in preparation of his soul’s transmigration.
The subject of the רקיקה “spitting out,” is a symbol for something despicable similar to spitting out. It is something revolting for the despicable spittle to have to travel the length of the spine, the symbol of the body which serves as the clothing of the soul. This is why our sages decreed that the spittle of the widow referred to has to be what is known as רוק תפל, “tasteless spittle,” i.e. totally colorless liquid. In order that this be the case, the widow in question was prevented from eating for a period of time before she performed the act of חליצה and spitting out before her brother-in-law. It was important that no one think that she spat out because she had eaten something that had disagreed with her. By spitting out רוק תפל, this colorless tasteless spittle, she symbolized that the moisture of the body [which alone makes the body viable, alive, Ed.] had departed from the deceased due to the cruel conduct of his brother. The people of the town would henceforth perceive this “brother” as a cruel individual and the name בית חלוץ הנעל, “the house of the one whose shoe was removed,” which the Torah applies to that person remained as an ongoing indictment of his behavior.
The underlying reason for חליצה, i.e. the removal of the shoe of the surviving brother who refuses to perform the levirate marriage with his sister-in-law, the widow of his brother, is that his refusal is considered an act of cruelty towards the soul of his deceased brother. The removal of his shoe is a symbolic act signifying severance of reciprocal feelings of brotherliness. The very expression וחלצה, is similar to Hoseah 5,6: “the Lord withdrew from them,” (the Israelites who vainly tried to mollify Him with their sacrifices) seeing they had betrayed the Lord. Also the expression נעלו normally translated as “his shoe,” has a dual meaning, is the same as the word נעל, “locked out,” as in “locked the door.” The surviving brother had “locked out” the soul of his deceased brother.
The reason the Torah writes (the apparently superfluous words) מעל רגלו “from his foot,” is an allusion to the fact that the foot, leg, is the reason for someone moving somewhere, going away. In this instance, that foot had become the cause for the soul of the deceased brother having to move to another family in preparation of his soul’s transmigration.
The subject of the רקיקה “spitting out,” is a symbol for something despicable similar to spitting out. It is something revolting for the despicable spittle to have to travel the length of the spine, the symbol of the body which serves as the clothing of the soul. This is why our sages decreed that the spittle of the widow referred to has to be what is known as רוק תפל, “tasteless spittle,” i.e. totally colorless liquid. In order that this be the case, the widow in question was prevented from eating for a period of time before she performed the act of חליצה and spitting out before her brother-in-law. It was important that no one think that she spat out because she had eaten something that had disagreed with her. By spitting out רוק תפל, this colorless tasteless spittle, she symbolized that the moisture of the body [which alone makes the body viable, alive, Ed.] had departed from the deceased due to the cruel conduct of his brother. The people of the town would henceforth perceive this “brother” as a cruel individual and the name בית חלוץ הנעל, “the house of the one whose shoe was removed,” which the Torah applies to that person remained as an ongoing indictment of his behavior.