Mga Sanggunian sa Talmud para sa Jonas 3:10: Jerusalem Talmud Taanit, Taanit & Rosh Hashanah

MISHNAH: How is the order of the fast days? One removes the Ark¹This statement confirms that in Mishnaic times the Ark containing the Torah scrolls was a movable chest, not part of the synagogue building. This is confirmed by the archeological evidence that in early Galilean synagogues the entrance was in the South. For prayers the Ark was moved from the storage room to the entrance; the reader stood before the Ark, and everybody was praying in the direction of Jerusalem, facing the Ark. In Amoraic times the Ark became part of the building in the South wall and the entrance was moved to the North. to the town plaza²The town square accommodating a maximum number of people. and gives burnt ashes³The Mishnah explicitly excludes dust which is not ash. on top of the Ark, and on the head of the Patriarch, and on the the head of the presiding judge; also each individual takes and puts on his head. The Elder among them gives an exhortatory sermon: Our brothers, it is not said about the people of Nineveh, God saw their sackcloth and their fasting, but God saw their deeds that they repented their evil ways⁴Jonah3:10., and what does it say in prophecy? And tear your hearts and not your clothes, and return to the Eternal, your God⁵Joel2:13..

"Our brothers, it is not sackcloth and fasting (that) cause (God to forgive sins). Rather, repentance and good deeds cause (God to forgive). Thus we find with the people of Nineveh, as it was not said about them: 'And God saw their sackcloth and fasting,' but rather, 'And God Saw their deeds, for they had turned from their evil way' (Jonah 3:10).

And Rabbi Isaac said [further]: Four things cancel the decree against a person, and they are: charity, crying out [in prayer], changing one's name, and changing one's conduct. Charity (tzedaka), as it is written, "and righteousness (tzedaka) saves from death," (Proverbs 10:2). Crying out, as it is written, "they cried out to the LORD in their suffering, and God took them from their distress," (Psalms 107:28). Change of name, as it is written, "as for your wife Sarai, do not call her by the name Sarai, for Sarah is her name" and continues, "I will bless her and further I will give you a son from her" (Genesis 17:15-16). Change of conduct, as it is written, "And God saw their conduct [as they turned from their evil ways]," and continues, "and God renounced the punishment that had been pronounced upon them and did not carry it out" (Jonah 3:10).