פּירוש אויף קהלת 7:14

“In a day of good” [7:14]. In the time that you are well off, do good and give charity, awaiting a time when troubles will come to the evildoers. You will see their troubles that the Holy One justly caused. At the same time, He gave the charitable their good reward and the transgressors await their reward, so the person should not be able to talk against the Holy One.⁹⁵Rashi, Ecclesiastes, 7:14.

On a day of goodness [prosperity], be in good spirits. On a day in which you have the ability to do good,³⁵Alternatively, on a day of good fortune be happy and enjoy it. (Metsudas Dovid) be among those who do good.

“On a day of good fortune, enjoy, and on a day of misfortune, see: God made this as well as that; consequently, man cannot find out anything about it” (Ecclesiastes 7:14).
“On a day of good fortune, enjoy” – if a good day befalls you, act upon it immediately.¹¹⁰Thank God with a thanksgiving offering or a thanksgiving banquet. “And on a day of misfortune, see” – see how to repent and be spared from the punishment of Gehenna. Rabbi Yudan [said] in the name of Rabbi Elazar: Three matters nullify evil decrees: Prayer, charity [tzedaka], and repentance, and the three of them are in one verse; that is what is written: “If My people upon whom My name is called humble themselves, and pray, and seek My presence, and repent their evil ways, then I will hear from the heavens, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land” (II Chronicles 7:14). “And pray,” this is prayer; “seek My presence,” this is charity, as it is said: “I with righteousness [betzedek]¹¹¹The word tzedek, which means righteousness or justice, is from the same root as the word tzedaka, charity. will behold Your presence” (Psalms 17:15); “and repent their evil ways,” this is repentance; “then I will hear from the heavens.” Rabbi Mana said: Fast, as well, as it is written: The Lord will answer you on a day of affliction” (Psalms 20:2).

And on a day of adversity reflect. When evil comes upon the wicked, be among the observers,³⁶Adversity is caused by being sinful. Therefore, examine your deeds and remove any sins by repenting (Sforno). Alternatively, on a day of adversity, reflect and be hopeful for a day of goodness to come. (Likutei Yehudah) as it is stated, “And they will go out and see the corpses of the people, etc.,”³⁷Yeshayahu 66:24. and you will not be among those who are seen, “and they will be a sight for all mankind.”³⁸Ibid.

The one was set up against the other. The good and the reward for its performance, in contrast to the evil and the ensuing punishment for doing it.³⁹Alternatively, “one set up against the other,” refers to the punishment that was set up against the evil deeds, i.e., the concept of מדה כנגד מדה, that is, the manner of punishment corresponds to the sin, and it is never meted out in a greater amount than warranted.

That man should not find anything after him. To be critical of the Holy One, Blessed Is He.