הלכה אויף שמות 22:4

The commandment on the court to judge concerning damages of destruction: To judge concerning the damages of the tooth and the foot — meaning to say one who damaged his fellow with a damage that came as a result of [his animal’s] foot or tooth — that we must obligate him in payment from his choice properties for all that he destroyed, as it is stated (Exodus 22:4), “If a man destroys the field, etc.” For example, one who brings his animal into the field of his fellow and he ate there; or destroyed those things that sustain themselves from it, when it passed through there with its feet. And they, may their memory be blessed, explained that it is [referring to] the tooth (Bava Kamma 2b). And they, may their memory be blessed, explained that that which is written afterwards, “and he sent its destroyer, etc.” [refers to] the foot. And it is stated about both of them, “and with the best of his field and the best of his vineyard shall he pay.”

To adjudicate cases of damage caused by trespass of cattle, as it is said, “If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten….” (Ex. 22:4).

To adjudicate other cases between a plaintiff and a defendant, as it is said, “For every manner of trespass, for ox, (for ass, for sheep, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges)” (Ex. 22:8).