ייִדישער מחשבֿה אויף ירמיהו 10:10

(1,2,3) Just as man is not allowed to enjoy nature's blessings without first reciting an appropriate benediction acknowledging G'd as the source, so the priests remind people of that fact when they say "may the Lord bless you." Constant reminders that G'd is the source of all blessings and well being are important. This too is the purpose of "they will place My name on the children of Israel and I will bless them." The priests' function is to keep Israel aware of this cardinal fact. The function of the priest in relation to G'd, is parallel to the aggadah about Moses assisting G'd in His task of tying the crowns to the letters of the Torah, that we mentioned earlier. The first part of the priests' blessing is essentially material in nature. The additional word "and may He preserve you," is the difference between human and Divine blessings. The former, however generous in nature, does not carry with it the guarantee that it will endure. G'ds blessings however, includes the blessing that it will endure. The second blessing revolves essentially around spiritual matters, the important feature being that the attitude of others towards you will be positive, generous, acknowledge your worth. The third section, "Peace," is relatively the most important of the blessings, as documented by many of the sayings of our sages. They teach that even in death, shalom, peace, is an indispensable attribute. "You will join your fathers in peace." (Genesis 15, 15) See also Jeremiah 34, 4, concerning the death of king Tzidkiyahu. We find a somewhat puzzling statement by Rabbi Eleazar Hakappor, who is quoted as saying "peace is great because even if Israel worships idols, as long as they have harmony, Satan does not touch them.” He bases himself on the verse in Hoseah 4, 17, "as long as the idol worshipping Ephrayim live in unity, leave them alone;" but it continues in chapter 10, 2, "when their heart is divided, now they will receive their punishment." How strange that those who destroy the fabric that binds them to their Creator by worshipping idols, should not also burst the fabric of harmony, peace? But the lesson is that the merit of maintaining harmony gives even sinners an extension before G'ds justice is executed. The three blessings then are 1) Provision of material needs including a healthy body. 2) Provision of the needs of the spirit and soul. 3) Assistance in establishing harmony between man and his Maker, which is true harmony. The tabernacle represents the totality of this world, a microcosm. The beriach hatichon, the central bolt joining all forty eight boards comprising the walls, are the thread shalom, i.e. "peace" that bonds everything together in harmony. When the Midrash says that when G'd created the world, He desired a dwelling down here, just as He has in the Heavens, the meaning is none other than that He wished to supervise and assist man's activities, just as He supervises all that goes on in Heaven. To that end, He endowed the world with blessings. Adam, unfortunately forfeited that relationship through his sin, and until the arrival of Abraham on the stage of history, the broken thread did not begin to mend. Finally, at the completion of the tabernacle, this thread had been fully restored. This is the reason the Torah records the blessings at this juncture. For this reason also, the Midrash talks about Moses hearing three voices. He called the first voice hadar, to paraprase material well being. He called the second voice naeh, to parapharase spiritual and mental well being. The third voice he called meshubach, "choice," since it is the crowning achievement of all. Moses was anxious to have G'ds message spelled out. G'd obliged, saying "I speak shalom, I harbour no ill feelings against My children." (Psalms 85,9.) Rabbi Joshua ben Levi says that there is no need at all to quote a verse from the book of Psalms, since the verse in the Torah is perfectly adequate. Since the Torah tells us about blessings, and continues with the line "it was the day the tabernacle had been completed," the word va-yehee, it was, always refers to the reestablishment of a situation that had existed at one time, but had been interrupted.

Afterwards I say: How can this matter, that is, the blessed Creator, be sustained in our thoughts when none of our senses has fallen upon Him? And I say: Just as the goodness of good and the corruption of falsehood can be sustained in it (the mind) even though our senses have not fallen upon it. And just as we can conceive intellectually of the existence of that which has been collected and that which is found yet absent, and other such abstract things, even though the senses have not seen them. As Scripture says (Jeremiah 10:10): "But the Lord is truly God."And I say: How can His existence everywhere arise in our minds, such that there is no place except Him? Because no place was devoid of Him beforehand. For if places had separated His parts, He would not have created them. And if corporeal things had disturbed the places from Him, even partially, He would not have created them. And since the matter is thus - that His existence after creating all corporeal things is like His existence before creating them, without change, separation, concealment, or interruption - as it says (Jeremiah 23:24): "Can a man hide in secret places where I cannot see him? declares the Lord. Do I not fill the heavens and earth? declares the Lord."And I bring this matter closer to comprehension and say: Were it not that we are accustomed to some veils not blocking sound, and similarly we see that glass does not obstruct light, and we know that the sun's light is not harmed by the filth in the world - we would be astonished by this. But all these are wondrous things that testify to the truth of His matter. And I say further: How can it arise in the mind that He knows all that was and all that will be, and that knowledge of them is equal to Him? I explain that created beings do not know what will come about, because their knowledge comes only through the senses; and what has not come to their hearing, sight, and other senses, they cannot grasp. But the Creator, whose way of knowing is not through any cause, but is intrinsic knowledge because His essence is knowledge - the ephemeral and the future are together equal to Him, and He knows them without cause. As it says (Isaiah 46:10): "Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times things that are not yet done; saying: 'My counsel shall stand, and all My pleasure I will do.'" And when a person reaches this subtle matter intellectually, through tradition and seeing signs and proofs, his soul will believe it, and it will blend into his spirit, and he will find it present in his inner chambers, and wherever it stands in his hall, he will find Him there - as the prophet said (Isaiah 26:9): "My soul yearns for You in the night, also my spirit within me seeks You earnestly." And his love for Him will be perfect, without doubt, as it says (Deuteronomy 6:5): "And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might." And that servant will remember Him by day in his going about, and by night on his bed, as it says (Psalms 63:7): "When I remember You on my bed, I meditate on You in the night watches." His spirit, so to speak, will murmur at the time of remembering Him, from longing and pining, as it says (Isaiah 26:9): "My soul yearns for You in the night, also my spirit within me seeks You earnestly." And His remembrance will nourish him more than fatness, and His name will water him more than any water, as it says (Psalms 63:6): "My soul is satisfied as with marrow and fatness; and my mouth offers praises with joyful lips." Until he returns all his affairs to Him, and takes shelter in Him and always trusts in Him, as it says (Psalms 62:9): "Trust in Him at all times, O people; pour out your heart before Him; God is a refuge for us." And if He does good for him, he will give thanks, and if He afflicts him, he will endure - as it says (Psalms 22:30): "All the prosperous of the earth shall eat and worship." And if He were to separate him from his body, he would still hope for Him and not suspect Him - as it says (Job 13:15): "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." And in all that he observes of His ways, he will increase in awe and fear - as it says (Job 23:15): "Therefore I am terrified at His presence; when I consider, I am in dread of Him." And all that he contemplates of His attributes, he will magnify their praise and increase his joy - as it says (Psalms 105:3): "Let the hearts of those who seek the Lord rejoice!" Until he loves those who love Him, and honors those who honor Him, as it says (Psalms 139:17): "How precious also are Your thoughts to me, O God!" And he will hate those who hate Him, and loathe His enemies - as it says (Psalms 139:21): "Do I not hate them, O Lord, who hate You?" Until he will argue on His behalf and respond concerning Him and His ways with intellect and knowledge, not with heaviness - as it says (Job 36:3): "I will fetch my knowledge from afar, and ascribe righteousness to my Maker. For truly my words are not false; one who is perfect in knowledge is with you." And he will praise and laud Him with intellect and honesty, not with exaggeration and lies - as it says concerning those who praise (2 Chronicles 30:22): "And Hezekiah spoke encouragingly to all the Levites who showed good skill in the service of the Lord." And he will not forget Him by making the five more than the ten, without adding to them, nor by fitting a world into the hollow of a ring, without having formed this one and expanded that one, nor by returning yesterday that has passed - for all this is futile. And some of the heretics may ask about all this, and we will answer that He is able to do anything, and that which is not dependent on Him is nothing - for it is futile, and futility is nothing; it is as if they asked whether He could do nothing. But they asked properly concerning this. Rather, he (the perfect servant) praises Him for intrinsic matters - that He is the Primal One who does not change or exchange, as it says (Deuteronomy 33:27): "The eternal God is a dwelling place." And that He Himself is truly One, as it says (Nehemiah 9:6): "You alone are the Lord." And that He lives and exists forever, as it says (Deuteronomy 32:40): "For I lift up my hand to heaven and swear, As I live forever..." And that He is able to do anything, as it says (Nehemiah 9:32): "Now therefore, our God, the great, mighty and awesome God..." And that He knows everything with perfect knowledge, as it says (Job 37:16): "Do you know the balancings of the clouds, the wondrous works of Him who is perfect in knowledge?" And that He creates everything from the beginning, as it says (Jeremiah 10:16): "He who is the Portion of Jacob is not like these, for He is the Maker of all things." And that He does not do anything futile or chaotic, as it says (Isaiah 45:18): "He did not create it a waste, He formed it to be inhabited." And that He is not unjust or spoiled, as it says (Deuteronomy 32:4): "The Rock! His work is perfect, for all His ways are justice." And that He does only good for His servants, as it says (Psalms 145:9): "The Lord is good to all, and His compassion is over all that He has made." May all Your works praise You, O Lord... May they speak of the glory of Your kingdom... And that He does not change or become different, as it says (Malachi 3:6): "For I the Lord do not change; therefore you, O children of Jacob, are not consumed." And that His kingdom will not cease or end, as it says (Psalms 145:13): "Your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom..." And that His command stands, no one can turn it back, as it says (Psalms 103:19): "The Lord has established His throne in the heavens, and His kingdom rules over all." And that it is obligatory to praise Him for His good and great attributes, as it says (Psalms 138:5): "And they shall sing of the ways of the Lord, for great is the glory of the Lord." And that all that the narrators recount about Him, and for which the praisers praise Him - He is supremely lofty, great and exalted beyond it all, as it says (Nehemiah 9:5): "Blessed be Your glorious name, which is exalted above all blessing and praise." And this which is found in places in the books of praise and laudation is not attributed to Him, but rather to His narrations, as it says (Ezekiel 3:12): "Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place." And that they said (Psalms 68:5): "Sing to His name" - and you will sometimes find it said (Psalms 72:18): "Blessed be the Lord God, the God of Israel, who alone does wondrous things" to recount His story. And it says (Psalms 97:12): "Rejoice in the Lord, O you righteous, and give thanks to His holy name." But in the words of our Rabbis there are many such things - it is to recount His story that they say: "Blessed be the name of the glory of His kingdom." And I say concerning all this that it too is a product of speech; that is, when it is intended to magnify and exalt, they place words before mentioning that great one. And the more such preceding words there are, the greater the exaltation. As it says (Esther 1:4): "He displayed the riches of his royal glory and the splendor and pomp of his majesty." And it is His wealth, kingship, and greatness; it is also His value, glory, and greatness. And the narrators likened some to others. Observe, may God guide you! What we have written, and contemplate it closely, and raise it up in your thoughts, and do not be hasty to decide on the words. Rather, decide based on the preceding fundamentals. And place the words as transition and approach, as we have explained.

It is, therefore, clear that all these names of God are appellatives, or are applied to God by way of homonymy, like ẓur and others, the only exception being the tetragrammaton, the Shem ha-meforash (the nomen proprium of God), which is not an appellative; it does not denote any attribute of God, nor does it imply anything except His existence. Absolute existence includes the idea of eternity, i.e., the necessity of existence.