הֵן־פָּרַ֣שׂ עָלָ֣יו אוֹר֑וֹ וְשָׁרְשֵׁ֖י הַיָּ֣ם כִּסָּֽה׃
זע, ער שפּרײט אױס דערױף זײַן ליכט; און די װאָרצלען פֿון ים דעקט ער צו.
Midrash Tehillim
"The darkness of thick clouds covered the water. Rabbi Nechemiah said that the earth only drinks from the waters of the ocean. Rabbi Yehoshua said, 'But aren't the waters of the ocean salty?' Rabbi Nechemiah replied, 'They become sweetened in the clouds.' Rabbi Abba said, 'This is similar to the animals that mix their saliva with each other.' Resh Lakish said, 'Why are they called "clouds"? It is because they mingle with each other.' Rabbi Yochanan said, 'There are miracles in the rain. A person can scoop up a handful of raindrops and not have enough to descend because the drops do not mix with each other. Five hundred years can pass with rain falling, and not a single drop mixes with another. This is what is written, "For by them He judges peoples; He gives food in abundance" (Job 36:31).' Rav Yehuda bar Yechzekel said, 'This is how my father used to bless [God]: Blessed and exalted be His holy Name, for there are thousands upon thousands and myriads upon myriads [of raindrops], and not a single drop touches another, as it is said, "For He diminishes the drops of water" (Job 36:27).' Rabbi Chiya bar Abba (and others) said, 'One said that the clouds are dark and covered with water, as it is said, "The darkness of thick clouds covered the water" (Job 22:14). Another said that the clouds are bright and emit light, as it is said, "He spreads His light upon it [the cloud]" (Job 36:30). Resh Lakish said that the cloud rises from below, as it is said, "A mist would rise from the earth" (Genesis 2:6). One verse says, "The darkness of waters," and another verse says, "The hoarfrost of waters." When the clouds carry the water, they darken, but when the water is squeezed out, it is clear forever. Therefore, it is said, "The darkness of waters and the hoarfrost of waters" (Job 38:29)."
Bereshit Rabbah
“The giants were on the earth in those days, and also thereafter, when the children of the great ones consorted with the daughters of man, and they bore them children; they are the mighty who were from ancient times, the men of renown” (Genesis 6:4).
“The giants were on the earth in those days.” They were called by seven names: Eimim, Refa’im, Giborim, Zamzumim, Anakim, Avim, Nefilim. Eimim – as anyone who saw them, fear of them [eimatan] would descend upon them. Refa’im – as anyone who saw them, his heart would become soft [rafeh] like wax. Giborim58Meaning, mighty men. – Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said, in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: The marrow of the femur of one of them measured eighteen cubits. Zamzumim – Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina said: Intimidating military commanders.59Zamzumim is because they would be constantly ready [mezumanim] for battle. Anakim – the Rabbis and Rabbi Aḥa, the Rabbis say: They would wear numerous necklaces upon necklaces [anakim].60This is an indication of their wealth – anak is one of the words for necklace. Rabbi Aḥa said: It was as though they wore the sun as a necklace,61They lifted up their heads arrogantly towards the sun. and said: ‘[Go away and] let the rain fall upon us.’ Avim – as they brought annihilation upon the world and were themselves annihilated from the world, as they caused the world to be annihilated, just as it says: “A ruin, a ruin, a ruin [ava] I will render it” (Ezekiel 21:32). Rabbi Elazar ben Rabbi Shimon said: Because they were as expert in soil as snakes, as in the Galilee they call snakes avya. Nefilim – as they toppled [hipilu] the world, fell from the world, and filled the world with stillborns [nefalim] with their immorality.62It was common for immoral women to abort their illegitimate fetuses.
“And also thereafter,” Yehuda bar Rav Ami said: The later [generations] did not learn from the earlier ones; the generation of the Flood did not learn from the generation of Enosh, and the generation of the Dispersion did not learn from the generation of the Flood.
“And also thereafter, when the children of the great ones consorted with the daughters of man,” Rabbi Berekhya said: A woman would go out to the marketplace and would see a young man and desire him. She would go and engage in intercourse and would produce a young man like him.
“The men of renown [shem]”63Literally, ‘name.’ – Rabbi Aḥa said: [Job said, of the wicked:] “They are loathsome people and also people without name ” (Job 30:8), and here you say, [of the generation of the Flood:] “The men of name”? However, it is because they brought desolation [hishimu] to the world, they were annihilated [hushamu] from the world, and they caused the world to become desolate [yishom]. Rabbi Levi in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: Men whose names were articulated above. It is as Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said; all these names are expressions of rebellion: “Irad” (Genesis 4:18) – ‘I will expel [ored] them from the world’; “Meḥuyael” (Genesis 4:18) – ‘I will eradicate [moḥeh] them from the world’; “Metushael” (Genesis 4:18) – ‘I will uproot [matish] them from the world’; [“Lemekh” (Genesis 4:18)] – ‘What do I have to do with Lemekh64Lemekh is an acronym for ma li valakh – what need do I have of you? and his offspring?’
Rabbi Yoḥanan said: “They are the mighty who were from ancient times, the men of renown” – who detailed their actions? It was [Job’s friends,] Elifaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Tzofar the Naamatite. Rabbi says: Had the book of Job come to the world only to detail for us the deeds of the [generation of the] Flood, it would have been sufficient. Rabbi Ḥanin said: Had Elihu65Job’s fourth friend. come to the world only to explain to us the process of rainfall, it would have been sufficient, as Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Every time “ora” is mentioned by Elihu it refers only to rainfall.66See Job 36:30; 36:32; 37:3; 37:11. Rabbi Hoshaya Rabba said: It refers only to the giving of the Torah, just as it says: “For the commandment is a lamp and the Torah is light [or]” (Proverbs 6:23).
Rabbi Aḥa said in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi: Contention is as troublesome as the generation of the Flood. Here “men of renown” is stated, and elsewhere [concerning Koraḥ’s rebellion]: “Distinguished of the convocation, men of renown” (Numbers 16:2) is stated. Just as “men of renown” stated there refers to contention, so, too, “men of renown” stated here refers to contention.
“The giants were on the earth in those days.” They were called by seven names: Eimim, Refa’im, Giborim, Zamzumim, Anakim, Avim, Nefilim. Eimim – as anyone who saw them, fear of them [eimatan] would descend upon them. Refa’im – as anyone who saw them, his heart would become soft [rafeh] like wax. Giborim58Meaning, mighty men. – Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said, in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: The marrow of the femur of one of them measured eighteen cubits. Zamzumim – Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina said: Intimidating military commanders.59Zamzumim is because they would be constantly ready [mezumanim] for battle. Anakim – the Rabbis and Rabbi Aḥa, the Rabbis say: They would wear numerous necklaces upon necklaces [anakim].60This is an indication of their wealth – anak is one of the words for necklace. Rabbi Aḥa said: It was as though they wore the sun as a necklace,61They lifted up their heads arrogantly towards the sun. and said: ‘[Go away and] let the rain fall upon us.’ Avim – as they brought annihilation upon the world and were themselves annihilated from the world, as they caused the world to be annihilated, just as it says: “A ruin, a ruin, a ruin [ava] I will render it” (Ezekiel 21:32). Rabbi Elazar ben Rabbi Shimon said: Because they were as expert in soil as snakes, as in the Galilee they call snakes avya. Nefilim – as they toppled [hipilu] the world, fell from the world, and filled the world with stillborns [nefalim] with their immorality.62It was common for immoral women to abort their illegitimate fetuses.
“And also thereafter,” Yehuda bar Rav Ami said: The later [generations] did not learn from the earlier ones; the generation of the Flood did not learn from the generation of Enosh, and the generation of the Dispersion did not learn from the generation of the Flood.
“And also thereafter, when the children of the great ones consorted with the daughters of man,” Rabbi Berekhya said: A woman would go out to the marketplace and would see a young man and desire him. She would go and engage in intercourse and would produce a young man like him.
“The men of renown [shem]”63Literally, ‘name.’ – Rabbi Aḥa said: [Job said, of the wicked:] “They are loathsome people and also people without name ” (Job 30:8), and here you say, [of the generation of the Flood:] “The men of name”? However, it is because they brought desolation [hishimu] to the world, they were annihilated [hushamu] from the world, and they caused the world to become desolate [yishom]. Rabbi Levi in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: Men whose names were articulated above. It is as Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said; all these names are expressions of rebellion: “Irad” (Genesis 4:18) – ‘I will expel [ored] them from the world’; “Meḥuyael” (Genesis 4:18) – ‘I will eradicate [moḥeh] them from the world’; “Metushael” (Genesis 4:18) – ‘I will uproot [matish] them from the world’; [“Lemekh” (Genesis 4:18)] – ‘What do I have to do with Lemekh64Lemekh is an acronym for ma li valakh – what need do I have of you? and his offspring?’
Rabbi Yoḥanan said: “They are the mighty who were from ancient times, the men of renown” – who detailed their actions? It was [Job’s friends,] Elifaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Tzofar the Naamatite. Rabbi says: Had the book of Job come to the world only to detail for us the deeds of the [generation of the] Flood, it would have been sufficient. Rabbi Ḥanin said: Had Elihu65Job’s fourth friend. come to the world only to explain to us the process of rainfall, it would have been sufficient, as Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Every time “ora” is mentioned by Elihu it refers only to rainfall.66See Job 36:30; 36:32; 37:3; 37:11. Rabbi Hoshaya Rabba said: It refers only to the giving of the Torah, just as it says: “For the commandment is a lamp and the Torah is light [or]” (Proverbs 6:23).
Rabbi Aḥa said in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi: Contention is as troublesome as the generation of the Flood. Here “men of renown” is stated, and elsewhere [concerning Koraḥ’s rebellion]: “Distinguished of the convocation, men of renown” (Numbers 16:2) is stated. Just as “men of renown” stated there refers to contention, so, too, “men of renown” stated here refers to contention.