מֵשִׁ֣יב רָ֭עָה תַּ֣חַת טוֹבָ֑ה לֹא־תמיש [תָמ֥וּשׁ] רָ֝עָ֗ה מִבֵּיתֽוֹ׃
דער װאָס קערט אום אַ רָעה פֿאַר אַ טובֿה, װעט זיך ניט אָפּטאָן בײז פֿון זײַן הױז.
Bereshit Rabbah
Rabbi Yoḥanan began: “One who repays good with evil, evil will not move from his house” (Proverbs 17:13). Rabbi Yoḥanan said: If your friend received you with [serving you] lentils, receive him with [serving him] meat. Why? Because he performed an act of kindness for you first.2The one who initiates kindness first has done something of great importance, and if you want to repay him in kind, you should show even greater kindness towards him.
Rabbi Shimon bar Abba said: It is not only one who repays good with evil, but even one who repays evil with evil, that “evil will not move from his house.” Rabbi Alexandri said: “One who repays good with evil,” as the Torah said: “If you see the donkey of your enemy crouching under its burden, shall you refrain from assisting him? You shall surely assist him” (Exodus 23:5).3From this it is derived that even one who did evil to you, you are obligated to repay him with good and not evil. Regarding him4Regarding one who fails to do so. it says: “One who repays good with evil, [evil] will not move…”
Rabbi Berekhya interpreted the verse regarding these generations, the generation of the Flood and the generation of the Dispersion, as it is written after the Flood: “The entire earth was of one language and of common speech.”5Having a common language is a great advantage, but these people repaid God’s kindness with evil.
Rabbi Shimon bar Abba said: It is not only one who repays good with evil, but even one who repays evil with evil, that “evil will not move from his house.” Rabbi Alexandri said: “One who repays good with evil,” as the Torah said: “If you see the donkey of your enemy crouching under its burden, shall you refrain from assisting him? You shall surely assist him” (Exodus 23:5).3From this it is derived that even one who did evil to you, you are obligated to repay him with good and not evil. Regarding him4Regarding one who fails to do so. it says: “One who repays good with evil, [evil] will not move…”
Rabbi Berekhya interpreted the verse regarding these generations, the generation of the Flood and the generation of the Dispersion, as it is written after the Flood: “The entire earth was of one language and of common speech.”5Having a common language is a great advantage, but these people repaid God’s kindness with evil.
Yalkut Shimoni
..[With regard to] this did [Jeremiah] say to have it written, 'Surely the shepherd boys will drag away [the evil ones, Edom or Babylonia in defeat].' (Jeremiah 49:20, 50:45) Rabbi Samuel son of Nachmani said, 'We have a tradition in our hands that Esau [i.e., evildoers, identified with Esau, Edom, and Babylonia] will not fall except into the hands of [the tribal descendants of] Rachel's children [i.e., Joseph or Benjamin]. Why? Because if the [other] tribes were to bring suit against Esau, saying, 'Why did you pursue your brother [our ancestor Israel to harm him (see e.g., Genesis 27:41)]? [We, Israel, have a claim against you for this!]' Then he [Esau can] say to them, 'Why did you pursue your brother Joseph [to harm him]? You are no better than I!' But if Joseph should come to him and say, 'Why did you pursue your brother?', he [Esau] will have no answer. For if Esau were to say '[I pursued him] because he did me evil!' [Joseph could reply,] 'My brothers also requited me with evil, and I requited them with good!' Immediately he [Esau would have to] be silent. And about this is it written, 'See, they are become like straw, Fire consumes them; They cannot save themselves From the power of the flame . . .' (Isaiah 47:14). 'Behold, they are become like straw' -- this refers to Esau . . . [Translation incomplete]