מדרש אויף תהילים 48:2

Another matter: “Your hair is like a flock of goats that streams down [shegaleshu] from Mount Gilad” (Song of Songs 4:1) – the mountain from whose midst you took away [shegelashten], I rendered a memorial for the nations of the world. Which is this? These are the priestly watches. What is it that you took away from its midst? “Your teeth are like a flock of ordered ewes” (Song of Songs 4:2) – defined matters, the twenty-four priestly watches, the twenty-four Levite watches, and twelve divisions.⁵⁴These were divisions of men who would come for a month at a time to perform whatever labors the king would assign them (Etz Yosef). “That have come up from bathing” (Song of Songs 4:2) – who protect Israel. “That are all paired” – as we learned there: At three times during the year all the priestly watches were equal (Sukka 55b). “And there is none missing among them” (Song of Songs 4:2) – as we learned: “The first, the head and the hind leg…” (Tamid 31a).⁵⁵Each of the priests had a role, and there were always enough priests to perform each task.
“Your lips are like a scarlet thread” (Song of Songs 4:2) – as we learned: [The High Priest] stooped to pour the libation, and the deputy waved the cloths, and ben Arza struck the cymbals (Tamid 33b).⁵⁶This was the sign for the Levites to begin their song in the Temple. “Your speech is lovely” (Song of Songs 4:2) – this is the song, as we learned there: The song that the Levites would recite in the Temple. On the first day they would recite: “The earth is the Lord’s and all it contains” (Psalms 24:1).⁵⁷The intention is that on Sunday the Levites would recite the entire chapter of Psalms beginning with this verse. The same is true for all of the citations cited here; one psalm was recited each day of the week. On the second day: “Great is the Lord and highly to be praised in the city of God…” (Psalms 48:2). On the third day: “God stands in the divine congregation” (Psalms 82:1). On the fourth day: “Lord God, to whom vengeance belongs, God to whom vengeance belongs, shine forth” (Psalms 94:1). On the fifth day: “Sing for joy to God, our strength; shout aloud to the God of Jacob” (Psalms 81:2). On the sixth day: “The Lord reigns: He is robed in majesty” (Psalms 93:1). On Shabbat they would recite: “A psalm, a song for the Shabbat day” (Psalms 92:1) – for the future, for the day that will be entirely Shabbat and rest for everlasting life.

“Speak to the children of Israel: A man or woman, when they will perform any sin of a person, to commit a trespass against the Lord, and that individual shall be guilty” (Numbers 5:6).
“A man or woman, when they will perform any sin…” – Rabbi Abbahu says: “Those who dwell in His shadow will return” (Hosea 14:8) – these are the proselytes, who come and take refuge in the shadow of the Holy One blessed be He. “They will give life to grain” (Hosea 14:8) – in the Talmud;¹The midrash interprets the verse to mean, “they will be given life through grain,” and understands “grain” as an allusion to the Talmud (Etz Yosef). Just as grain nourishes the body, the Talmud nourishes the soul (Maharzu). “and will blossom like the vine” (Hosea 14:8) – in aggada.²Aggada is considered sweet like wine. “Their repute is like the wine of Lebanon” (Hosea 14:8) – the Holy One blessed be He said: The names of the proselytes are dear to me like the wine that is poured as a libation upon the altar. Why does He call it³The Temple. Lebanon? It is because it whitens [malbin] the sins of Israel like snow, as it is stated: “[Let us go now and reason together, says the Lord;] if your sins will be like scarlet, [they will be whitened as snow]” (Isaiah 1:18).
Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: It is because all the hearts [halevavot] are joyous in it. That is what is written: “Beautiful in its view, joy of all the world” (Psalms 48:3). The Rabbis say: It is after: “My eyes and My heart [velibi] will be there always.” (I Kings 9:3).
Another matter: “[Those who dwell in His shadow⁴This is interpreted as referring to proselytes. See Vayikra Rabba 1:2. will return] They will give life to grain” (Hosea 14:8) – they [the proselytes] will become of primary importance like Israel, just as it says: “The grain of the young men” (Zechariah 9:17).⁵Just as Israel are called grain in Zechariah, similarly the proselytes are called grain in the verse in Hosea. “And will blossom like the vine” (Hosea 14:8) – like Israel, just as it says: “You transported a vine from Egypt” (Psalms 80:9).
Likewise, you find that just as a portion is written in the Torah regarding an Israelite and his counterpart, if he commits a trespass against him, he incurs liability to bring an offering, as it is stated: “A person who shall sin, and commit a trespass [against the Lord, and lies to his counterpart]” (Leviticus 5:21); so, the Holy One blessed be He wrote a portion in the Torah regarding an Israelite and the proselytes, that if a person of Israel robs a proselyte, his legal status is like one who robs an Israelite. You find that sin is written regarding this one: “a person who shall sin,” and sin is written regarding one who robs a proselyte: “Any sin of a person.” Regarding this one, it is written: “And commit a trespass against the Lord,” and regarding that one, it is written: “To commit a trespass against the Lord.” Regarding this one, it is written: "It shall be when he will sin and is guilty” (Leviticus 5:23), and regarding the proselyte, it is written: “And that individual shall be guilty.” Regarding this one, it is written: “He shall repay its principal” (Leviticus 5:24), and regarding the proselyte, it is written: “He shall make restitution for his guilt in its principal” (Numbers 5:7). Regarding this one, it is written: “He shall add its one-fifth to it” (Leviticus 5:24), and regarding the proselyte, it is written: “He shall add its one-fifth to it” (Numbers 5:7). Regarding this one, it is written: “He shall bring his guilt offering to the Lord” (Leviticus 5:25), and regarding robbery from a proselyte, it is written: “Besides the ram of atonement” (Numbers 5:8). We have learned that the proselytes are of primary importance like Israel. That is, “they will give life to grain and will blossom [like the vine]” (Hosea 14:8).

A song, a psalm for the sons of Korah. Great is the Lord and greatly to be praised, etc. And our God is great only in His city alone. But the sons of Korah said that the Lord is great for what He did in His city and His sanctuary. And so it says, "The Lord is great in Zion, and He is high above all the peoples" (Psalm 99:2), to say that what He did in His city, He did not do for all the nations. And so it says, "For, lo, I begin to work evil at the city which is called by My name; and should ye be utterly unpunished? Ye shall not be unpunished" (Jeremiah 25:29). Woe to our God's city, etc.