ציטירנדיקער פּירוש אויף ויקרא 1:14

Kinim is the plural of the word "ken" and it refers here to a pair of birds brought as a sacrifice (in Biblical and modern Hebrew, ken is a nest). There are several cases in the Torah where a person has to bring a pair of birds, either turtledoves or pigeons, one as an olah and one as a hatat. For instance, concerning the zav (man with abnormal genital discharge), Leviticus 15:14-15 states, "On the eighth day he shall take two turtledoves or two pigeons….The priest shall offer them, the one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering." The zavah brings the same offerings (ibid 29-30). A woman also brings these offerings after childbirth (Leviticus 12:6-8), if she is not wealthy enough to bring a ram. A nazirite who was made impure brings them on the eighth day of his purity ritual (Numbers 6:10-11). There are other such cases as well (see Leviticus 5:1-10). A person can also voluntarily bring bird sacrifices (see Leviticus 1:14-17). In this case the bird is a sacrificed as an olah (burnt offering) and not a hatat.

Der Traktat führt den Namen Kinnim „Vogelpaare“, weil er Bestimmungen über die Vogelopfer enthält und als solche fast immer Paare, ein Paar Turteltauben oder ein Paar junger Tauben, dargebracht wurden. Die Fälle, für welche ein Taubenpaar als Opfer vorgeschrieben war, sind angegeben: Lev. Cap. 5, 1—10; 12, 8; 14, 22. 30—31; 15, 14—15; 15, 29—30; Num. 6, 9—11. In allen diesen Fällen war die eine der beiden Tauben als Sündopfer und die andere als Ganzopfer darzubringen. Ausserdem konnte ein Vogelopfer auch als freiwilliges Opfer dargebracht werden und zwar sowohl eine einzelne wie ein Paar oder mehrere Tauben (Lev. 1, 14), solche freiwillig gespendete Tauben durften aber nur als Ganzopfer dargebracht werden. Bei der Menge von Taubenpaaren, die insbesondere von Frauen nach ihrer Entbindung zur Darbringung in den Tempel gebracht wurden, konnte ein Verwechseln oder Durcheinandergeraten von Taubenpaaren verschiedener Frauen oder verschiedener Opferarten leicht Vorkommen. Die Erörterung aller hierbei möglichen Fälle, der Frage, was mit den unter einander geratenen Tauben zu geschehen hatte, und der sich ergebenden Folgen, wenn bei der Darbringung die zu beobachtenden Bestimmungen nicht innegehalten worden oder es zweifelhaft war, ob sie innegehalten worden waren, bildet den einzigen Inhalt der 3 Abschnitte des Traktats.

When the Torah in our paragraph wrote: “command Aaron and his sons,” this is very unusual as throughout the Portion of Vayikra we find Aaron’s sons mentioned instead of their father such as: “the sons of Aaron shall throw, etc.” (Leviticus 1,14), or “the sons of Aaron will (arrange) prepare” (Leviticus 1,8.). The reason that in these instances Aaron was ignored is still the fallout from his part in the making of the golden calf. When Moses became aware of this he said to G’d: “how can a well be hated whereas the water it produces is well beloved?” If You G’d have honoured the wood (to be used on the Altar) on account of its offspring as we know from Tamid 2,3 that all kinds of logs are suitable to be used as kindling on the Altar with the exception of olive wood and the wood of the grape vine, surely Aaron should be admitted on the Altar if only on account of the fine sons he had produced!” When our portion starts with the words: “command Aaron and his sons,” etc., this reflects G’d’s response to Moses’ plea on behalf of his brother.

העלה THE BURNT OFFERING — This implies the exclusion of a bird offered as a burnt offering (Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Nedavah, Chapter 4 7).

כמשפט [AND THE SECOND HE SHALL OFFER FOR A BURNT-OFFERING] ACCORDING TO THE REGULATION — according to the law that is mentioned with regard to a free-will burnt-offering of fowls at the beginning of the section (Leviticus 1:14) (cf. Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Chovah, Chapter 18 10; Chullin 21a).

the soul of Your turtledove Heb. תורך, Your turtledove. And Jonathan rendered this as (sic) an expression of turtledoves and young pigeons. This turtledoveas soon as the male recognizes its mate, it does not mate with another. So have Israel not exchanged You for another god, although You have distanced Yourself from them and they were like a widow.