ציטירנדיקער פּירוש אויף ישעיהו 5:28

V. 7. שנן .ושננתם לבניך kommt sonst nicht als: lehren vor. Wir glauben jedoch, daß וכליותי אשתונן (Ps. 73, 21) auch heißen dürfte: wenn mein Herz in Gärung gerät und ich mich dann durch meine Nieren belehren lasse. Sonst heißt שנן: schärfen. אם שנתי ברק חרבי (Dewarim 32, 41), חציו שנונים (Jes. 5, 28). Daher שן: Zahn. Es kommt aber schon als Charakteristik der Schärfe eines Wortes oder einer Rede vor. שננו כחרב לשונם (Ps.64, 4; ebenso 140, 4) und ein eindringliches Beispiel heißt: למשל לשנינה שנינה (Dewarim 28, 37 u. s) שנן ל־ heißt daher: etwas in kurzen, eindringlichen und sich leicht einprägenden Sätzen lehren. – דבר ב־ ,ודברת בם heißt nicht: etwas aussprechen, vielmehr bezeichnet ב־ bei דבר entweder die Person, an welche oder durch welche ein Wort gesprochen wird: אך במשה דבר ה׳ הלא גם בנו דבר (Bamidbar 12, 2) und sonst bei Propheten sehr häufig, oder den Gegenstand, auf welchen sich die Rede bezieht, von dem gesprochen wird: תשב באחיך תדבר (Ps. 50, 20) וידות יהונתן בדוד טוב (Sam. I. 19, 4), וישלח דוד וידבר באביגיל (daselbst 25, 39), נכבדות מדובר בך (Ps. 87, 3), ביום שידבר בה (Hohel. 8, 8), ואדברה בעדתיך (Ps. 119, 46). ודברת בם heißt daher nicht: und sprich sie aus, sondern: sprich über sie, erkläre sie, erläutere sie, und fassen wir beide Aufgaben zusammen: ושננתם ודברת בם, so ist für den Unterricht im Gesetze die Vorschrift gegeben: das Gesetz zuerst in kurzen, konzis gefassten Sätzen einzuprägen, und sie dann besprechend einzuprägen: תשב׳׳כ und תשב׳׳פ, und ebenso משנה und גמרא.

The simple meaning of [the expression] in the book of the wars of the Eternal²⁵⁹Ibid.: Therefore it is said in the book of the wars of the Eternal. is that there were wise men in those generations who used to write down the history of great wars, for such was [the custom] in all generations. These authors were called moshlim (they that speak in parables),²⁶⁰Further, Verse 27. because they wrote in them [their books] by means of proverbs and figures of speech, and when there were victories which they considered wonderful, they ascribed those wars to G-d, to Whom they are in truth [to be attributed]. Now the victory of Sihon over Moab was marvellous in their eyes,²⁶¹See Psalms 118:23. therefore they wrote it down in a book, speaking of it in figurative language, Eth Vahev b’suphah etc.,²⁶²Verse 14. and writing about it in a proverb — Come ye to Heshbon etc.²⁶³Further, Verse 27. Now the name of one city of those that belonged to Moab was Vahev. And the pouring forth of the brooks²⁶⁴Verse 15. — [this refers to] the slope of the brook, because the streams [of water] flow down continuously from the slopes of Pisgah.²⁶⁵Deuteronomy 4:49. Similarly, in the hill-country, and in the lowland, and in the Arabah, and in ‘the slopes.’²⁶⁶Joshua 10:40. B’suphah,²⁶²Verse 14. [this word is] of [the root] ‘b’suphah’ (in the whirlwind) and in the storm.²⁶⁷Nahum 1:3. Thus when Sihon captured the cities of Moab, those who wrote in parables recorded in the book which they called “the Wars of the Eternal”: Eth Vahev b’suphah [meaning: “The city of Vahev He destroyed in a whirlwind”], or they wrote: “G-d warred against Vahev in a whirlwind.” And the slope of the brooks²⁶⁴Verse 15. which belonged to Arnon, and the downpour of the brooks that inclineth toward the seat of Ar,²⁶⁴Verse 15. and the slope that leaneth upon the border of Moab²⁶⁴Verse 15. — all these the Eternal destroyed in the whirlwind and in the storm,²⁶⁷Nahum 1:3. for Sihon came upon them [the Moabites] suddenly, his horses’ hoofs were counted like flint, and his wheels like a whirlwind.²⁶⁸Isaiah 5:28. Similarly those [who spoke in parables] said: For a fire is gone out from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon etc.²⁶⁹Further, Verse 28. Thus Scripture is bringing a proof from the book of “the Wars [of the Eternal”] that Arnon is on the border of Moab, and was forbidden to Israel [to capture],²⁷⁰Deuteronomy 2:9. whereas the brooks and all the slopes as far as Arnon they were allowed [to take], for Sihon had captured from the king of Moab all his land until Arnon, but not Arnon itself. Thus Arnon remained part of Moab, and constituted its border, as it is written, And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave from Gilead even unto the valley of Arnon, the middle of the valley for a border.²⁷¹Ibid., 3:16. And so also did Jephthah say, and they [the Israelites] pitched on the other side of the Arnon, but they came not within the border of Moab, for Arnon was the border of Moab.²⁷²Judges 11:18.