פֿאַרבונדענע פּסוקים אויף דברים 16:13

HALAKHAH: “Rice, millet,” etc. For produce⁶¹Any agricultural produce not under the following two categories. The argument does not refer to the Sabbatical year but to tithes. The details are given in Ma‘serot Chapter 1. The argument is based on (Deut. 14:22): “Tithe! You should tithe all produce of your seed which comes out of your field year by year.” This implies that all produce must be tithed in the year of its growth. It is not necessary that tithes be given separately from each harvested batch, but it is necessary that only this year’s produce be used to fulfill the obligations pertaining to any of this year’s growth. Since produce is described as coming out of the field, it is the growth rather than the harvest which is the determining factor. they went after its being a third [ripe], for rice after roots taking hold, and for vegetables the collection is the time of its tithing. From where that they could go⁶²Since the verse only gives the outline of the obligation, it is up to the religious authorities to spell out the details. For this, the verse has to give them authority. after its being a third [ripe] for produce? (Deut. 16:16) “From your threshing-floor and from your wine-press.” “From your threshing-floor”, not all your threshing-floor, “from your wine-press”, not all your wine-press⁶³In talmudic interpretation, the prefix מ means “part of”. Here it is taken to subject to tithes produce not really ready for the threshing-floor or the wine-press. The Sifry(Deut. 140) has a different approach of interpretation, see below Note 76. The rule for the Sabbatical is treated in Sifra Behar (9): R. Jonathan says, from where that if produce is one-third ripe before the New Year you may bring it into storage in the Sabbatical year, the verse says (Lev. 25:3): “[Six years you shall sow your field] and harvest its harvest,” if it is one-third ripe.. Then also if it is less than a third [ripe]? Rebbi Zeïra said, it is written (Deut. 14:22): “Tithe! You should tithe all produce of your seed,” something which may be sown and will sprout; this excludes produce less than a third [ripe] which when sown will not sprout⁶⁴This proves that “one-third ripe” does not mean one-third of the growing period but one-third of the ripening time of the fully formed fruit or grain (cf. Peah Chapter 4, Note 86).. Then one should tithe the first third for the past and the other two thirds for the future!⁶⁵Since the effects of the growing periods are indistinguishable in the ripe fruit, tithing could never be accomplished. Rebbi Joḥanan said, from the holiday of Tabernacles⁶⁶(Deut. 16:16) “Make for yourself a festival of Tabernacles when you gather from your threshing-floor and from your wine-press.” Since Tabernacles is 15 days after the New Year, it clearly belongs to the next year but celebrates the harvest of the preceding year. Therefore, one can harvest this year and tithe it as growth of the preceding year. This argument also appears in the name of R. Joḥanan in the Babli, Roš Haššanah 12b; the rabbinic character there is made clear by R. Zeïra and Rav Assi.. Just as Tabernacles belongs to the next year but you celebrate it for the past, so this one is for the future and you celebrate it for the past.

On which basis did they rule that for vegetables their collection is the time of tithing? (Deut. 16:16) “From your threshing-floor and from your wine-press.” Threshing-floor and wine-press are sustained by the waters of the preceding year, you go for them after the past. These live from the waters of the coming year, you go for them to the future⁷⁶In the Babli (Roš Haššanah 14a) and in Sifry Deut. 140, this argument is given in the name of the Tanna R. Yose the Galilean. According to R. Aqiba (in Sifry) vegetables are grown by irrigation; they do not depend on the seasons and, therefore, must be tithed independent from the agricultural year at harvest time.. They objected, but Egyptian beans, if one sowed them for the beans, are tithed for the past, but if he sowed for vegetable, they are tithed for the future. Does it hold a charm [to know that] if one sowed them for the beans, they drink from the past year, but if he sowed them as vegetable, they drink from the future year?⁷⁷The reason given above is rejected and, except for grain one-third ripe, all time limits given are rabbinic in character.
The expression וקסמה ביהיה is inspired by Num. 22:7.