תּלמוד אויף שמות 28:42

Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina said, the tenth of an ephah and breeches obstruct⁵⁴The presentation of twelve breads which is the daily offering of the High Priest (Note 26) and the initiation of offering of a common priest (Lev. 6:13) as well as the breeches which are part of the priests’ holy garments (Ex. 28:42–43), even though they are mentioned neither in the instructions for the initiation rites given to Moses (Ex. 28) nor in the record of the execution of these instructions (Lev. 8), are necessary and the omission of the offering or failure to wear the breeches would have invalidated the entire proceedings. Babli 5b.. What is the reason? Both are “making”⁵⁵It is held that every commandment using the verb עשה requires strict adherence to the rules given by this verb. The verb is used for the initiation of a priest in Lev.6:14, for the high priest in Lev. 6:15, and Moses is ordered to “make breeches” for the priests in Ex. 28:42.. Rebbi Ḥanina said, and do with Aaron and his sons so⁵⁶Ex. 29:35. The verse continues, all that I commanded you., all which is written in the Chapter obstructs. This comes following what Rebbi Samuel bar Nahman said in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: this is the word⁵⁷Lev. 8:5, the declaration of Moses to the people explaining the initiation rites., and this is the word⁵⁸Ex. 29:1, the instruction for future initiation rites., even reading the Chapter obstructs. Rebbi Joḥanan said, anything obstructing for future generations obstructs here, [and anything not obstructing for future generations does not obstruct here.] What do you have? The leaning of hands⁵⁹The leaning of hands of Aaron and his sons on the heads of the sacrificial animals (Ex. 29:10,15,19) which for the initiation rites is an essential act but in the rules of sacrifices (Lev. 1–5) is prescribed only for private offerings, and in no case would the failure to follow the requirement disqualify the sacrifice. and the remainders of the blood⁶⁰The remainder of the blood collected by the Cohen after the required sprinkling of blood on the altar walls has to be poured into the base of the altar. But this act is not required for validity of the sacrifice; if the blood becomes impure after the sprinkling, the blood has to be otherwise disposed of but the sacrifice is unquestionably valid. These cases represent the points of difference between R. Ḥanina and R. Joḥanan. Babli 4b (bottom), switching attributions. which are not obstructing in future generations are obstructing here. Rebbi Ḥanina said, the diadem and Aaron’s mitre precede the sons’ belts⁶¹In dressing of the priests in initiation.. Jehudah the great says, you shall gird them with belts, Aaron and his sons⁶²Ex. 29:9, the commandment to Moses.. Rebbi Idi said, what you are saying is as a meritorious deed. But as a commandment, Moses brought near Aaron and his sons and washed them in water, and after that, he put the vest on him, and after that, Moses brought Aaron and his sons near and clothed them with shirts⁶³Lev. 8:6,7,13, description of the execution..

MISHNAH: The High Priest officiates in eight garments and the common priest⁶¹Greek ὶδιώτης, ὁ. in four, in shirt, trousers, turban, and belt⁶²Ex. 28:40,42.. The High Priest in addition wears breastplate, vest, coat, and diadem⁶³Ex. 28:4,36,42.. In these one asks Urim and Tummim, but one does not ask for common people, only for a king, or the Court, or one on whom rest the needs of the public.

⁷⁷A parallel (except for the corrector’s additions) is found in the Babli, Zevaḥim88b, Arakhin 16a, in the name of R. Anani bar Sason. Rebbi Simon said, just as sacrifices atone, so the garments⁷⁸The High Priest’s. atone, shirt, trousers, turban, and vest. The shirt was atoning for [wearers of kilaim⁷⁹While most of the High Priest’s garments contained kilaim, only the shirt was worn directly on the body. It seems that the trident here interprets the argument at the start of kilaim 9:1 to mean that biblically on kilaim which gives immediate protection to the body is forbidden. There are those who want to say,]⁸⁰Corrector’s addition (from a different source, not in the parallel in the Babli.) for spillers of blood, as you are saying,⁸¹Gen. 37:31. they dipped the shirt in blood. The trousers were atoning for uncovering nakedness⁸²The technical term for incest and adultery., as you are saying⁸³Ex. 28:42., make for them linen trousers to cover the flesh⁸⁴“Flesh” as a limb always denotes the penis, the only boneless limb.of nakedness. The turban was atoning for haughtiness, as you are saying,⁸⁵Lev. 8:9. This is a pun on the expression “thick of head” for “haughty”. he put the turban on his head. The belt was atoning for [thieves; but some are saying, for]⁸⁰Corrector’s addition (from a different source, not in the parallel in the Babli.) the crooked ones. Rebbi Levi said, it was 32 cubits and he wound it around on both sides. The breast plate was atoning for those who bend the law, as you are saying⁸⁶Ex. 28.15., you shall make a breast-plate of judgment. The vest was atoning for idol worshippers, as you are saying⁸⁷Hos.3:5., without vest and household-gods. The coat. Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Jonathan of Bet-Guvrin: For two things there was no atonement⁸⁸They do qualify for any obligatory sacrifice. but the Torah established atonement for them. These are those: one who spreads slander, and the involuntary homicide. For him who spreads slander there was no atonement, but the Torah fixed atonement for them, the bells of the coat: it shall be on Aaron in service, and its sound be heard⁸⁹Ex. 28:35.. The sound may come to atone for the sound. For the involuntary manslaughter there was no atonement but the Torah established atonement for them, the death of the High Priest⁹⁰Num. 35:25.. He shall dwell there until the High Priest’s death