出埃及記 22:4 註釋:Rashi, Rashbam, Sforno & Or HaChaim

כִּ֤י יַבְעֶר־אִישׁ֙ שָׂדֶ֣ה אוֹ־כֶ֔רֶם וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־בעירה [בְּעִיר֔וֹ] וּבִעֵ֖ר בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה אַחֵ֑ר מֵיטַ֥ב שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמ֖וֹ יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ (ס)

人若讓自己的牲畜在田間或葡萄園裡吃,放開他的牲畜,去吃了別人的田,就要以自己田地最好的和葡萄園最好的來賠償。

Rashi

כי יבער … בעירה ובער All these terms are connected with the word בעיר which signifies “cattle”, as in (Numbers 20:4) אנחנו ובעירנו “we and our cattle" .
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Rashbam

כי יבער, if he causes his beast to feed in someone else’s field
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Sforno

כי יבער איש שדה או כרם, within his own property, (originally)
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Rashi

כי יבער means accordingly, he takes his cattle into the field or the vineyard of his fellow-man and causes damage to him by one of these two ways: either by the mere fact that he lets his cattle go (tread) there (ושלח את בעירו), or by letting it graze there (ובער). Our Rabbis explained (Bava Kamma 2b), that ושלח refers to the damage done by “treading” (Rashi uses a Biblical phrase Deuteronomy 5:1. “treading of the hollow of the foot”) and ובער to the damage caused by the tooth that eats up and removes (מבערת) the crops (grazing).
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