俄巴底亞書 1:4的塔木德參照：Jerusalem Talmud Nedarim

HALAKHAH: “A qônām that I shall not enjoy from the descendants of Noah; he is permitted Jews and forbidden Gentiles¹⁴⁵Even though Jews also are descendants of Noah, the technical term “descendants of Noah” applies only to those outside the Sinaitic covenant, who are only bound by the natural law given to Adam and Noah.. That I shall not enjoy from the descendants of Abraham; he is forbidden Jews and permitted Gentiles,” etc. Is Ismael not part of Abraham’s seed? “¹⁵⁰Gen. 21:12. The same in the Babli 31a, Sanhedrin 59b.. For in Isaac will be called your seed.” And is not Esaw part of Isaac’s seed? Rebbi Yudan bar Shalom said, “in Isaac,” in part of Isaac. Rebbi Huna said, “ב” are two¹⁵¹Following the Alexandrian practice to denote numbers by letters., the son who will be inheriting two worlds, this world and the world to come. Rebbi Gershom in the name of Rebbi Aḥa, “¹⁵²Num. 24:17. a star did step out from Jacob,” from whom did a star step out and will appear in the future? From Jacob! Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Ḥuna: In the future world, evil Esaw will put on his prayer shawl and sit with the Just in Paradise, but the Holy One, Praise to Him, draws him away. Why? “¹⁵³Ob. 1:4. If you climb as high as an eagle or if you would make your nest between stars, from there I would take you down, says the Lord.” But “stars” are only the Just. As you say¹⁵⁴Dan. 12:3., “those who justify the many are like stars, eternally.”