Liturgy zu Tehillim 22:78

Then Moses and the Children of Israel sang this song to Adonoy, and they said: I will sing to Adonoy for He is most high;⁵When people praise a mortal, they often declare undeserved praise. But God is so great that any praise we offer is insufficient.—Rashi the horse with its rider, He threw into the sea. The strength and retribution of God was the cause of my deliverance;⁶This translation follows Rashi’s commentary. this is my Almighty and I will glorify Him, God of my father and I will exalt Him. Adonoy is master of war Adonoy is His Name. Pharaoh’s chariots and army, He hurled into the sea; and his elite officers were drowned in the Sea of Reeds. The deep waters covered them; they descended into the depths like stone. Your right hand Adonoy is adorned with power, Your right hand Adonoy crushes the enemy. And in Your great majesty, You destroyed Your opponents; You sent forth Your fury, it consumed them like straw.⁷This verse is also translated, “You will send forth Your fury: it will consume them like straw.” According to the Zohar, it thus refers to the time of the Resurrection, when God will destroy all the wicked. And with the wind from Your nostrils the waters were heaped up, flowing water stood erect like a wall; the deep waters congealed in the heart of the sea.⁸The water became hard as stone and the Egyptians were hurled against it with great force.—Rash i The enemy (Pharaoh) said: I will pursue [them], I will overtake [them], I will divide the spoils; I will satisfy myself; I will unsheathe my sword, my hand will destroy them. You blew with Your wind, the sea covered them; they sank like lead in the mighty waters.⁹Seporno and others interpret the verse to read: “They, the mighty, sank like lead in the waters,” “mighty,” referring to the Egyptian officers rather than to the waters. Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy! who is like You? [You are] adorned in holiness, awesome in praise, performing wonders.¹⁰God is “awesome in praise” for we fear that all our praise will prove inadequate. In truth, it is impossible to praise God fully, and David therefore said (Psalms 65:2) “For You, silence is praise.”—Rashi You stretched out Your right hand, the earth swallowed them. You led in Your kindliness, the people whom You redeemed; You guided them with Your might to Your holy dwelling place. The peoples heard and trembled, pangs of fear gripped the inhabitants of Philistia.¹¹The Philistines had killed the Ephraimites thirty years earlier when they left Egypt by force. The Philistines were thus gripped with terror when they heard that Israel had escaped from Egypt.—Rashi Then the chieftains of Edom panicked, the mighty men of Moab were seized with trembling, all the inhabitants of Canaan melted away.¹²Nations on all sides panicked: The Philistines to the west, the Edomites to the south, the Moabites to the east and the Canaanites to the north. The Philistines feared revenge. The Edomites panicked because they feared that Israel would now seek revenge for what Esau (Edom) had done to Jacob. The Moabites, the descendants of Lot, feared they would be punished because of the dispute between Lot and Abraham (Genesis 13:7). Canaan “melted away” because they realized that Israel was destined to take their land, and their astrologers told them that there was no way out.—Rabbeinu Bachya Terror and dread fall upon them; at the greatness of Your arm they were still as stone; until Your people cross over, Adonoy, until [they] cross over,¹³The two crossings are the respective crossings of the Arnon and the Jordan rivers before entering the Promised Land.—Onkelos —the people You have acquired. You will bring them and plant them¹⁴Moses here prophesied that he would not be entering the Promised Land, and he therefore prayed that God should bring the Jews into His inheritance.— Rashi on the mountain of Your inheritance, the place for Your habitation which You, Adonoy, have made; the Sanctuary, my Master, [which] Your hands established.¹⁵God’s “habitat” on earth, the Holy Temple, is a parallel of the Holy Temple on high.—Rashi Adonoy will reign forever and ever.¹⁶This verse is not repeated in Exodus. But it is repeated in prayer to signify the end of the Ode, just as the last verse of Psalms 150 is repeated in the prayer whereas it is not repeated in the Book of Psalms.—Avudraham Adonoy will reign forever and ever. Adonoy! His sovereignty is established forever and to all eternity.¹⁷This verse is a paraphrase of the previous verse as found in Targum Onkelos. When Pharaoh’s horses, with his chariots, and his horsemen, went into the sea, Adonoy turned back on them the waters of the sea; and the Children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.¹⁸Exodus 14:30-15:19. For the kingship is Adonoy’s and He rules over nations.¹⁹Psalms 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Israel who willingly accept the Kingship of God, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy’s Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Vilna Gaon And deliverers will go up to Mount Zion to judge Mount Esau, and the kingdom will be Adonoy’s.²⁰Ovadyah 1:21. And Adonoy will be King over the whole earth; on that day Adonoy will be One and His Name One.²¹Zecharyah 14:9. In the future, God will be recognized by all the nations of the world who will accept Him willingly as their King.

On that day,¹⁵⁹Even though they had been free a week earlier, they were insecure, fearing that the Egyptians would capture and re-enslave them. Only when Hashem had drowned the Egyptians were the Israelites free psychologically.—Seporno Adonoy delivered Yisrael from the hand of Mitzrayim, and Yisrael saw the Mitzriyim dead on the seashore. And Yisrael saw the great hand¹⁶⁰The use of the word “hand” or any physical attribute with regard to Hashem is merely metaphorical, since Hashem is in no way physical. which Adonoy wielded against Mitzrayim, and the people feared Adonoy, and they believed in Adonoy, and that Moshe was His servant. Then Moshe and the Children of Yisrael sang this song to Adonoy, and they said: I will sing to Adonoy for He is most high;¹⁶¹When people praise a mortal, they often declare undeserved praise. But Hashem is so great that any praise we offer is insufficient.—Rashi the horse with its rider, He threw into the sea. The strength and retribution of God was the cause of my deliverance;¹⁶²This translation follows Rashi’s commentary. this is my Almighty and I will glorify Him, God of my father and I will exalt Him. Adonoy is master of war Adonoy is His Name. Pharaoh's chariots and army, He hurled into the sea; and his elite officers were drowned in the Sea of Reeds. The deep waters covered them; they descended into the depths like stone. Your right hand Adonoy is adorned with power, Your right hand Adonoy crushes the enemy. And in Your great majesty, You destroyed Your opponents; You sent forth Your fury, it consumed them like straw.¹⁶³This verse is also translated, “You will send forth Your fury: it will consume them like straw.” According to the Zohar it thus refers to the time of the Resurrection, when Hashem will destroy all the wicked. And with the wind from Your nostrils the waters were heaped up, flowing water stood erect like a wall; the deep waters congealed in the heart of the sea.¹⁶⁴The water became hard as stone and the Egyptians were hurled against it with great force.—Rashi The enemy (Pharaoh) said: “I will pursue [them], I will overtake [them], I will divide the spoils; I will satisfy myself; I will unsheathe my sword, my hand will destroy them. You blew with Your wind, the sea covered them; they sank like lead in the mighty waters.¹⁶⁵Seporno and others interpret the verse to read: “They, the mighty, sank like lead in the waters,” “mighty,” referring to the Egyptian officers rather than to the waters. Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy! who is like You? [You are] adorned in holiness, awesome in praise, performing wonders.¹⁶⁶Hashem is “awesome in praise” for we fear that all our praise will prove inadequate. In truth, it is impossible to praise Hashem fully, and Dovid therefore said (Tehillim 65:2) “For You, silence is praise.”—Rashi You stretched out Your right hand, the earth swallowed them. You led in Your kindliness, the people whom You redeemed; You guided them with Your might to Your holy dwelling place. The peoples heard and trembled, pangs of fear gripped the inhabitants of Philistia.¹⁶⁷The Philistines had killed the Ephraimites thirty years earlier when they left Egypt by force. The Philistines were thus gripped with terror when they heard that Yisrael had escaped from Egypt.—Rashi Then the chieftains of Edom panicked, the mighty men of Moab were seized with trembling, all the inhabitants of Canaan melted away.¹⁶⁸Nations on all sides panicked: The Philistines to the west, the Edomites to the south, the Moavites to the east and the Canaanites to the north. The Philistines feared revenge. The Edomites panicked because they feared that Yisrael would now seek revenge for what Esau (Edom) had done to Yaakov. The Moavites, the descendants of Lot, feared they would be punished because of the dispute between Lot and Avraham (Bereishis 13:7). Canaan “melted away” because they realized that Yisrael was destined to take their land, and their astrologers told them that there was no way out.—Rabbainu Bachyah Terror and dread fall upon them; at the greatness of Your arm they were still as stone; until Your people cross over, Adonoy, until [they] cross over,¹⁶⁹The two crossings are the respective crossings of the Arnon and the Yardein rivers before entering the Promised Land.—Onkelos —the people You have acquired. You will bring them and plant them¹⁷⁰Moshe here prophesied that he would not be entering the Promised Land, and he therefore prayed that Hashem should bring the Jews into His inheritance.—Rashi on the mountain of Your inheritance, the place for Your habitation which You, Adonoy, have made; the Sanctuary, my Master, [which] Your hands established.¹⁷¹Hashem’s “habitat” on earth, the Holy Temple, is a parallel of the Holy Temple on high.—Rashi Adonoy will reign forever and ever. Adonoy will reign forever and ever.¹⁷²This verse is not repeated in Shemos. But it is repeated in prayer to signify the end of the Ode, just as the last verse of Tehillim 150 is repeated in the prayer whereas it is not repeated in the Tehillim.—Avudraham Adonoy! His sovereignty is established forever and to all eternity.¹⁷³This verse is a paraphrase of the previous verse as found in Targum Onkelos. When Pharaoh's horses, with his chariots, and his horsemen, went into the sea, Adonoy turned back on them the waters of the sea; and the Children of Yisrael walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.¹⁷⁴Shemos 14:30—15:19. For the kingship is Adonoy's and He rules over nations.¹⁷⁵Tehillim 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Yisrael who willingly accept the Kingship of Hashem, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy’s Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna And deliverers will go up to Mount Tziyon to judge the mount of Esav, and the kingdom will be Adonoy's.¹⁷⁶Ovadyah 1:21. And Adonoy will be King over the whole earth; on that day Adonoy will be One and His Name One.¹⁷⁷Zecharyah 14:9. In the future, Hashem will be recognized by all the nations of the world who will accept Him willingly as their King.

Then Moshe and the Children of Yisrael sang this song to Adonoy, and they said: I will sing to Adonoy for He is most high;¹⁶¹When people praise a mortal, they often declare undeserved praise. But Hashem is so great that any praise we offer is insufficient.—Rashi the horse with its rider, He threw into the sea. The strength and retribution of God was the cause of my deliverance;¹⁶²This translation follows Rashi’s commentary. this is my Almighty and I will glorify Him, God of my father and I will exalt Him. Adonoy is master of war Adonoy is His Name. Pharaoh’s chariots and army, He hurled into the sea; and his elite officers were drowned in the Sea of Reeds. The deep waters covered them; they descended into the depths like stone. Your right hand Adonoy is adorned with power, Your right hand Adonoy crushes the enemy. And in Your great majesty, You destroyed Your opponents; You sent forth Your fury, it consumed them like straw.¹⁶³This verse is also translated, “You will send forth Your fury: it will consume them like straw.” According to the Zohar it thus refers to the time of the Resurrection, when Hashem will destroy all the wicked. And with the wind from Your nostrils the waters were heaped up, flowing water stood erect like a wall; the deep waters congealed in the heart of the sea.¹⁶⁴The water became hard as stone and the Egyptians were hurled against it with great force.—Rashi The enemy (Pharaoh) said: “I will pursue [them], I will overtake [them], I will divide the spoils; I will satisfy myself; I will unsheathe my sword, my hand will destroy them. You blew with Your wind, the sea covered them; they sank like lead in the mighty waters.¹⁶⁵Seporno and others interpret the verse to read: “They, the mighty, sank like lead in the waters,” “mighty,” referring to the Egyptian officers rather than to the waters. Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy! who is like You? [You are] adorned in holiness, awesome in praise, performing wonders.¹⁶⁶Hashem is “awesome in praise” for we fear that all our praise will prove inadequate. In truth, it is impossible to praise Hashem fully, and Dovid therefore said (Tehillim 65:2) “For You, silence is praise.”—Rashi You stretched out Your right hand, the earth swallowed them. You led in Your kindliness, the people whom You redeemed; You guided them with Your might to Your holy dwelling place. The peoples heard and trembled, pangs of fear gripped the inhabitants of Philistia.¹⁶⁷The Philistines had killed the Ephraimites thirty years earlier when they left Egypt by force. The Philistines were thus gripped with terror when they heard that Yisrael had escaped from Egypt.—Rashi Then the chieftains of Edom panicked, the mighty men of Moab were seized with trembling, all the inhabitants of Canaan melted away.¹⁶⁸Nations on all sides panicked: The Philistines to the west, the Edomites to the south, the Moavites to the east and the Canaanites to the north. The Philistines feared revenge. The Edomites panicked because they feared that Yisrael would now seek revenge for what Esau (Edom) had done to Yaakov. The Moavites, the descendants of Lot, feared they would be punished because of the dispute between Lot and Avraham (Bereishis 13:7). Canaan “melted away” because they realized that Yisrael was destined to take their land, and their astrologers told them that there was no way out.—Rabbainu Bachyah Terror and dread fall upon them; at the greatness of Your arm they were still as stone; until Your people cross over, Adonoy, until [they] cross over,¹⁶⁹The two crossings are the respective crossings of the Arnon and the Yardein rivers before entering the Promised Land.—Onkelos —the people You have acquired. You will bring them and plant them¹⁷⁰Moshe here prophesied that he would not be entering the Promised Land, and he therefore prayed that Hashem should bring the Jews into His inheritance.—Rashi on the mountain of Your inheritance, the place for Your habitation which You, Adonoy, have made; the Sanctuary, my Master, [which] Your hands established.¹⁷¹Hashem’s “habitat” on earth, the Holy Temple, is a parallel of the Holy Temple on high.—Rashi Adonoy will reign forever and ever. Adonoy will reign forever and ever.¹⁷²This verse is not repeated in Shemos. But it is repeated in prayer to signify the end of the Ode, just as the last verse of Tehillim 150 is repeated in the prayer whereas it is not repeated in the Tehillim.—Avudraham Adonoy! His sovereignty is established forever and to all eternity.¹⁷³This verse is a paraphrase of the previous verse as found in Targum Onkelos. When Pharaoh’s horses, with his chariots, and his horsemen, went into the sea, Adonoy turned back on them the waters of the sea; and the Children of Yisrael walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.¹⁷⁴Shemos 14:30-15:19. For the kingship is Adonoy’s and He rules over nations.¹⁷⁵Tehillim 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Yisrael who willingly accept the Kingship of Hashem, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy’s Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna And deliverers will go up to Mount Tziyon to judge the mount of Esav, and the kingdom will be Adonoy’s.¹⁷⁶Ovadyah 1:21. And Adonoy will be King over the whole earth; on that day Adonoy will be One and His Name One.¹⁷⁷Zecharyah 14:9. In the future, Hashem will be recognized by all the nations of the world who will accept Him willingly as their King.

Adonoy, Adonoy,⁹The use of the Name yud-kai-vov-kai denotes the attribute of mercy. The first Adonoy refers to Hashem’s compassion on us before we sin; the second Adonoy refers to His compassion [even] after we sin.—Rashi Almighty,¹⁰The name אֵל, Almighty, also refers to His attribute of mercy, as it says in Tehillim (22:2) אֵלִי אֵלִי לָמָה עֲזַבְתָּנִי—Almighty—Almighty—why have You forsaken me.—Rashi Merciful, Gracious, Slow to Anger,¹¹Hashem does not hasten to punish the sinner, granting him an opportunity to repent and escape punishment.—Rashi and Abundant in Kindness,¹²He is abundant in kindness to those that do not have sufficient merit of their own.— Rashi and Truth.¹³Hashem is faithful to reward those who do His will.—Rashi Keeper of kindness for thousands of generations, Endurer of iniquity,¹⁴Iniquity refers to sins committed willfully. and transgression,¹⁵Transgressions refer to acts of rebellion. and sin;¹⁶Sin refers to sins of omission and error. and Acquitter of those who repent.¹⁷Shemos 34:5—7. “And pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for Your inheritance.”¹⁸Shemos 34:9. Pardon us our Father, for we have sinned, forgive us our King, for we have transgressed. “For You, my Master, are good and forgiving, and abounding in kindness to all who call upon You.”¹⁹Tehillim 86:5.

Adonoy, Adonoy,²³The use of the Name yud-kai-vov-kai denotes the attribute of mercy. The first Adonoy refers to Hashem’s compassion on us before we sin; the second Adonoy refers to His compassion [even] after we sin.—Rashi Almighty,²⁴The name אֵל, Almighty, also refers to His attribute of mercy, as it says in Tehillim (22:2) אֵלִי אֵלִי לָמָה עֲזַבְתָּנִי—Almighty—Almighty—why have You forsaken me.—Rashi Merciful, Gracious, Slow to Anger,²⁵Hashem does not hasten to punish the sinner, granting him an opportunity to repent and escape punishment.—Rashi and Abundant in Kindness,²⁶He is abundant in kindness to those that do not have sufficient merit of their own.— Rashi and Truth.²⁷Hashem is faithful to reward those who do His will.—Rashi Keeper of kindness for thousands of generations, Endurer of iniquity,²⁸Iniquity refers to sins committed willfully. and transgression,²⁹Transgressions refer to acts of rebellion. and sin;³⁰Sin refers to sins of omission and error. and Acquitter of those who repent.³¹Shemos 34:5—7. “And pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for Your inheritance.”³²Shemos 34:9.

And in Your holy words it is written: “For the kingship is Adonoy’s, and He rules over nations.”²⁸Tehillim 22:29. The word king signifies one whose leadership is accepted willingly by his people. In referring to the nation of Yisrael which willingly accepted the kingship of Hashem, the Psalmist says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A ruler, however, might be one who imposes his rule without consent of the people. Therefore, regarding the other nations who do not willingly submit to His Kingship, a Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna And it is said: “Adonoy has begun His reign, He has clothed Himself in majesty; Adonoy has clothed Himself, He has girded Himself with strength. He has also firmly established the world so that it cannot be moved.”²⁹Tehillim 93:1. And it is said: “Lift up your heads,—gates, and be uplifted entranceways to eternity, so that the King of Glory may enter. Who is this King of Glory? Adonoy, strong and mighty; Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle. Lift up your heads,—gates, and lift up entranceways to eternity,³⁰The words וּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵי עו‍ֹלָם, “and lift up entranceways to eternity,” imply that the gates of the Temple will lift up voluntarily, whereas the earlier words וְהִנָשְׂאוּ פִתְחֵי עו‍ֹלָם, “and be uplifted entranceways to eternity” suggests that the gates must be uplifted against their will. The Siach Yitzchak quoting Malbim explains that initially Hashem was referred to as the King of Glory because He appeared as strong and mighty in battle, forcing the wicked to bend to His will. Therefore, the gates do not open willingly to permit the glory of Hashem to enter, and must be opened by force. Ultimately, however, the world will be so spiritually saturated that it will recognize Hashem’s greatness as the Creator of all. The gates will open by themselves to welcome Hashem, not as One mighty in vengeance but as the masterful Creator of the world. so that the King of Glory may enter. Who is He, this King of Glory? Adonoy Tzevaos, He is the King of Glory, Selah.”³¹Tehillim 24:7-10.

And in Your holy words it is written: “For the kingship is Adonoy’s, and He rules over nations.”²⁹Tehillim 22:29. The word king signifies one whose leadership is accepted willingly by his people. In referring to the nation of Yisrael which willingly accepted the kingship of Hashem, the Psalmist says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A ruler, however, might be one who imposes his rule without consent of the people. Therefore, regarding the other nations who do not willingly submit to His Kingship, a Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna And it is said: “Adonoy has begun His reign, He has clothed Himself in majesty; Adonoy has clothed Himself, He has girded Himself with strength. He has also firmly established the world so that it cannot be moved.”³⁰Tehillim 93:1. And it is said: “Lift up your heads,—gates, and be uplifted entranceways to eternity, so that the King of Glory may enter. Who is this King of Glory? Adonoy, strong and mighty; Adonoy, the Mighty One in battle. Lift up your heads,—gates, and lift up entranceways to eternity,³¹The words וּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵי עו‍ֹלָם, “and lift up entranceways to eternity,” imply that the gates of the Temple will lift up voluntarily, whereas the earlier words וְהִנָשְׂאוּ פִתְחֵי עו‍ֹלָם, “and be uplifted entranceways to eternity” suggests that the gates must be uplifted against their will. The Siach Yitzchak quoting Malbim explains that initially Hashem was referred to as the King of Glory because He appeared as strong and mighty in battle, forcing the wicked to bend to His will. Therefore, the gates do not open willingly to permit the glory of Hashem to enter, and must be opened by force. Ultimately, however, the world will be so spiritually saturated that it will recognize Hashem’s greatness as the Creator of all. The gates will open by themselves to welcome Hashem, not as One mighty in vengeance but as the masterful Creator of the world. so that the King of Glory may enter. Who is He, this King of Glory? Adonoy Tzevaos, He is the King of Glory, Selah.”³²Tehillim 24:7-10.

The tribes of Your calling, uplift them and grant them dominion; the branches of the enemy— cut them down and cast them away, for the kingship is Adonoy’s²²See Tehillim 22:29. and He rules. Holy is He.

Then Moses and the Children of Israel sang this song to Adonoy, and they said: I will sing to Adonoy for He is most high;⁵When people praise a mortal, they often declare undeserved praise. But God is so great that any praise we offer is insufficient.—Rashi the horse with its rider, He threw into the sea. The strength and retribution of God was the cause of my deliverance;⁶This translation follows Rashi's commentary. this is my Almighty and I will glorify Him, God of my father and I will exalt Him. Adonoy is master of war Adonoy is His Name. Pharaoh's chariots and army, He hurled into the sea; and his elite officers were drowned in the Sea of Reeds. The deep waters covered them; they descended into the depths like stone. Your right hand Adonoy is adorned with power, Your right hand Adonoy crushes the enemy. And in Your great majesty, You destroyed Your opponents; You sent forth Your fury, it consumed them like straw.⁷This verse is also translated, “You will send forth Your fury: it will consume them like straw.” According to the Zohar, it thus refers to the time of the Resurrection, when God will destroy all the wicked. And with the wind from Your nostrils the waters were heaped up, flowing water stood erect like a wall; the deep waters congealed in the heart of the sea.⁸The water became hard as stone and the Egyptians were hurled against it with great force.—Rash i The enemy (Pharaoh) said: I will pursue [them], I will overtake [them], I will divide the spoils; I will satisfy myself; I will unsheathe my sword, my hand will destroy them. You blew with Your wind, the sea covered them; they sank like lead in the mighty waters.⁹Seporno and others interpret the verse to read: “They, the mighty, sank like lead in the waters,” “mighty,” referring to the Egyptian officers rather than to the waters. Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy! who is like You? [You are] adorned in holiness, awesome in praise, performing wonders.¹⁰God is “awesome in praise” for we fear that all our praise will prove inadequate. In truth, it is impossible to praise God fully, and David therefore said (Psalms 65:2) “For You, silence is praise.”—Rashi You stretched out Your right hand, the earth swallowed them. You led in Your kindliness, the people whom You redeemed; You guided them with Your might to Your holy dwelling place. The peoples heard and trembled, pangs of fear gripped the inhabitants of Philistia.¹¹The Philistines had killed the Ephraimites thirty years earlier when they left Egypt by force. The Philistines were thus gripped with terror when they heard that Israel had escaped from Egypt.—Rashi Then the chieftains of Edom panicked, the mighty men of Moab were seized with trembling, all the inhabitants of Canaan melted away.¹²Nations on all sides panicked: The Philistines to the west, the Edomites to the south, the Moabites to the east and the Canaanites to the north. The Philistines feared revenge. The Edomites panicked because they feared that Israel would now seek revenge for what Esau (Edom) had done to Jacob. The Moabites, the descendants of Lot, feared they would be punished because of the dispute between Lot and Abraham (Genesis 13:7). Canaan “melted away” because they realized that Israel was destined to take their land, and their astrologers told them that there was no way out.—Rabbeinu Bachya Terror and dread fall upon them; at the greatness of Your arm they were still as stone; until Your people cross over, Adonoy, until [they] cross over,¹³The two crossings are the respective crossings of the Arnon and the Jordan rivers before entering the Promised Land.—Onkelos —the people You have acquired. You will bring them and plant them¹⁴Moses here prophesied that he would not be entering the Promised Land, and he therefore prayed that God should bring the Jews into His inheritance.— Rashi on the mountain of Your inheritance, the place for Your habitation which You, Adonoy, have made; the Sanctuary, my Master, [which] Your hands established.¹⁵God's “habitat” on earth, the Holy Temple, is a parallel of the Holy Temple on high.—Rashi Adonoy will reign forever and ever.¹⁶This verse is not repeated in Exodus. But it is repeated in prayer to signify the end of the Ode, just as the last verse of Psalms 150 is repeated in the prayer whereas it is not repeated in the Book of Psalms.—Avudraham Adonoy will reign forever and ever. Adonoy! His sovereignty is established forever and to all eternity.¹⁷This verse is a paraphrase of the previous verse as found in Targum Onkelos. When Pharaoh's horses, with his chariots, and his horsemen, went into the sea, Adonoy turned back on them the waters of the sea; and the Children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.¹⁸Exodus 14:30-15:19. For the kingship is Adonoy's and He rules over nations.¹⁹Psalms 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Israel who willingly accept the Kingship of God, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy's.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy's Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Vilna Gaon And deliverers will go up to Mount Zion to judge Mount Esau, and the kingdom will be Adonoy's.²⁰Ovadyah 1:21. And Adonoy will be King over the whole earth; on that day Adonoy will be One and His Name One.²¹Zecharyah 14:9. In the future, God will be recognized by all the nations of the world who will accept Him willingly as their King.

Master of the world, I will confess sins, small and great – at night at the end of the watches. [From] My [evil] impulse finding ruses to evilly plot, protect [me, God], from the night, protect, [me, God]’ from the night. My heart and my eyes desire to sin, and they do not cease day and night. And the rest of my limbs whisper to do what is evil in Your eyes; all day and all night, they are never quiet. And since I have sinned upon the positive commandments and the negative commandments, who shall allow that I shall speak every night; in my bed, I shall melt my cot with my tears. Maybe He shall hear the sound of my cries, the Awesome Doer of deeds; I have yelled out today at night. I will call out during the day and raise my voice about my rebellion and transgression; and I will not be silent at night. I mention a few of my sins before the One who knows futures; tonight I arise to confess. And I confess my rebellious and wanton acts about myself; this night is for the Lord.

Then Moses and the Children of Israel sang this song to Adonoy, and they said: I will sing to Adonoy for He is most high;⁹¹When people praise a mortal, they often declare undeserved praise. But God is so great that any praise we offer is insufficient.—Rashi the horse with its rider, He threw into the sea. The strength and retribution of God was the cause of my deliverance;⁹²This translation follows Rashi’s commentary. this is my Almighty and I will glorify Him, God of my father and I will exalt Him. Adonoy is master of war Adonoy is His Name. Pharaoh's chariots and army, He hurled into the sea; and his elite officers were drowned in the Sea of Reeds. The deep waters covered them; they descended into the depths like stone. Your right hand Adonoy is adorned with power, Your right hand Adonoy crushes the enemy. And in Your great majesty, You destroyed Your opponents; You sent forth Your fury, it consumed them like straw.⁹³This verse is also translated, “You will send forth Your fury: it will consume them like straw.” According to the Zohar it thus refers to the time of the Resurrection, when God will destroy all the wicked. And with the wind from Your nostrils the waters were heaped up, flowing water stood erect like a wall; the deep waters congealed in the heart of the sea.⁹⁴The water became hard as stone and the Egyptians were hurled against it with great force.—Rashi The enemy (Pharaoh) said: “I will pursue [them], I will overtake [them], I will divide the spoils; I will satisfy myself; I will unsheathe my sword, my hand will destroy them. You blew with Your wind, the sea covered them; they sank like lead in the mighty waters.⁹⁵Seporno and others interpret the verse to read: “They, the mighty, sank like lead in the waters,” “mighty,” referring to the Egyptian officers rather than to the waters. Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy! who is like You? [You are] adorned in holiness, awesome in praise, performing wonders.⁹⁶God is “awesome in praise” for we fear that all our praise will prove inadequate. In truth, it is impossible to praise God fully, and David therefore said (Psalms 65:2) “For You, silence is praise.”—Rashi You stretched out Your right hand, the earth swallowed them. You led in Your kindliness, the people whom You redeemed; You guided them with Your might to Your holy dwelling place. The peoples heard and trembled, pangs of fear gripped the inhabitants of Philistia.⁹⁷The Philistines had killed the Ephraimites thirty years earlier when they left Egypt by force. The Philistines were thus gripped with terror when they heard that Israel had escaped from Egypt.—Rashi Then the chieftains of Edom panicked, the mighty men of Moab were seized with trembling, all the inhabitants of Canaan melted away.⁹⁸Nations on all sides panicked: The Philistines to the west, the Edomites to the south, the Moabites to the east and the Canaanites to the north. The Philistines feared revenge. The Edomites panicked because they feared that Israel would now seek revenge for what Esau (Edom) had done to Jacob. The Moabites, the descendants of Lot, feared they would be punished because of the dispute between Lot and Abraham (Genesis 13:7). Canaan “melted away” because they realized that Israel was destined to take their land, and their astrologers told them that there was no way out.—Rabbainu Bachyah Terror and dread fall upon them; at the greatness of Your arm they were still as stone; until Your people cross over, Adonoy, until [they] cross over,⁹⁹The two crossings are the respective crossings of the Arnon and the Jordan rivers before entering the Promised Land.—Unkelos —the people You have acquired. You will bring them and plant them¹⁰⁰Moses here prophesied that he would not be entering the Promised Land, and he therefore prayed that God should bring the Jews into His inheritance.—Rashi on the mountain of Your inheritance, the place for Your habitation which You, Adonoy, have made; the Sanctuary, my Master, [which] Your hands established.¹⁰¹God’s “habitat” on earth, the Holy Temple, is a parallel of the Holy Temple on high.—Rashi Adonoy will reign forever and ever. Adonoy will reign forever and ever.¹⁰²This verse is not repeated in Exodus. But it is repeated in prayer to signify the end of the Ode, just as the last verse of Psalms 150 is repeated in the prayer whereas it is not repeated in the Psalms.—Avudraham Adonoy! His sovereignty is established forever and to all eternity.¹⁰³This verse is a paraphrase of the previous verse as found in Targum Unkelos. When Pharaoh's horses, with his chariots, and his horsemen, went into the sea, Adonoy turned back on them the waters of the sea; and the Children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.¹⁰⁴Exodus 14:30-15:19. For the kingship is Adonoy's and He rules over nations.¹⁰⁵Psalms 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Israel who willingly accept the Kingship of God, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy’s Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna And deliverers will go up to Mount Zion to judge Mount Esau, and the kingdom will be Adonoy's.¹⁰⁶Ovadiah 1:21. And Adonoy will be King over the whole earth; on that day Adonoy will be One and His Name One.¹⁰⁷Zechariah 14:9. In the future, God will be recognized by all the nations of the world who will accept Him willingly as their King.

and He rules over nations.¹⁹Psalms 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Israel who willingly accept the Kingship of God, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy's.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy's Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Vilna Gaon

Almighty,¹⁰The name אֵל, Almighty, also refers to His attribute of mercy, as it says in Tehillim (22:2) אֵלִי אֵלִי לָמָה עֲזַבְתָּנִי—Almighty—Almighty—why have You forsaken me.—Rashi Merciful, Gracious,

and He rules over nations.¹⁰⁵Psalms 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Israel who willingly accept the Kingship of God, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy’s Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna

and He rules over nations.¹⁷⁵Tehillim 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Yisrael who willingly accept the Kingship of Hashem, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy’s Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna

and He rules over nations.¹⁷⁵Tehillim 22:29. The word “king” signifies one whose leadership is accepted freely by all his subjects. Therefore, in reference to Yisrael who willingly accept the Kingship of Hashem, it says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A “ruler,” however, is one who forcibly rules people, without their consent. Regarding the nations who do not willingly submit to Adonoy’s Kingship, the Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna

for the kingship is Adonoy’s²²See Tehillim 22:29. and He rules.

Almighty,²⁴The name אֵל, Almighty, also refers to His attribute of mercy, as it says in Tehillim (22:2) אֵלִי אֵלִי לָמָה עֲזַבְתָּנִי—Almighty—Almighty—why have You forsaken me.—Rashi Merciful, Gracious,

and He rules over nations.”²⁸Tehillim 22:29. The word king signifies one whose leadership is accepted willingly by his people. In referring to the nation of Yisrael which willingly accepted the kingship of Hashem, the Psalmist says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A ruler, however, might be one who imposes his rule without consent of the people. Therefore, regarding the other nations who do not willingly submit to His Kingship, a Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna

and He rules over nations.”²⁹Tehillim 22:29. The word king signifies one whose leadership is accepted willingly by his people. In referring to the nation of Yisrael which willingly accepted the kingship of Hashem, the Psalmist says, “For the kingship is Adonoy’s.” A ruler, however, might be one who imposes his rule without consent of the people. Therefore, regarding the other nations who do not willingly submit to His Kingship, a Psalmist says, “And He rules over nations.”—Gaon of Vilna