Tafsiran Keluaran 19:19: Mei HaShiloach, Rashi, Chizkuni & Ramban

“Moses spoke and G-d responded in a voice.” (Ex. 19:19) We learn about this in Masechet Brachot. "From here is it derived that the translator who translated the public Torah reading into Aramaic is not permitted to raise his voice louder than the reader..." It is astonishing that as Tosafot and the Rif point out, that Moshe is the reader and G-d is the translator. The truth of this is that Moshe spoke the Ten Commandments to the Jewish people, and the root of the giving of the Torah was G-d engraving the words of Torah into their hearts, each individually according to his blessed will. And this is the idea of the Blessed Holy One being like a Translator in the giving of the Torah. After Moshe spoke the words of the Torah, G-d followed and engraved the words on their hearts; This is “the voice of the translator” from our Gemara. G-d had the ability to engrave these words of Torah in the hearts of the Jewish people according to His own Power, with a strength far greater than Moshe’s. However it is written that "there never arose among the Jewish people a prophet like Moshe." For G-d did not illuminate a soul among the Jewish people like that of Moshe of blessed memory. And this is the idea that the voice of the translator cannot be louder than the reader, that none (not even G-d) can be on a higher level than Moshe.

הולך וחזק מאד WAXED LOUDER AND LOUDER — The manner of an ordinary person is that the longer he continues to blow a trumpet the sound he produces becomes weaker and fainter; but in this instance it went on getting stronger. And why was it thus (i. e. not so loud) at first? To make their ears receptive to as much as they were able to hear (Mekhilta).

משה ידבר, “Moses would be speaking,” he would be speaking with G-d, but his voice could not be heard except by G-d. This is why the Torah writes that G-d answered him in a loud voice. This was also because the sound of the blasts from the shofar which are described as loud, would have to be overpowered by G-d’s voice.

משה ידבר MOSES SPAKE — When Moses was speaking and proclaiming the Commandments to Israel — for they heard from the Almighty’s mouth only the Commandments אנכי and לא יהיה לך, whilst the others were promulgated by Moses — then the Holy One, blessed be He, assisted him by giving him strength so that his voice might be powerful and so become audible (Mekhilta).

יעננו בקול signifies He answered him in respect to (ב) the voice, just as (1 Kings 18:24) “He that answereth באש” — “in respect to the fire” — i. e. by causing fire to descend. (So here: God answered Moses’ petition that his voice might become audible to the vast concourse of people).