Tafsiran yang Mengutip untuk Habakuk 3:12

TEN PLAGUES. This is the text in other versions, and is the text that Rav had. [*He writes that they correspond to דצ"ך עד"ש באח"ב, which is the mnemonic that R. Yehudah gives in the Passover Haggadah. This year, in the sermon that I gave in the synagogue over Shabbat HaGadol here in Krakow in the year 1644¹⁹⁷There is a clever use of Hebrew here. The Tosafot Yom Tov writes פה בקראק"א לפ"ק, “here, in Krakow, not counting thousands.” The meaning of this is that “in Krakow” is both where he delivered the sermon and, if one takes the sum of its alphanumeric values, the year in which he delivered it. So the phrase reads “here, in Krakow = 404, not counting thousands (i.e., in the year 5404).” Tosafot Yom Tov had actually just recently been appointed chief rabbi and judge over Krakow. I brought up that the acronym doesn’t seem to have any meaning. In answer I said that the words should be vocalized and read as ditzach `adush be’ichav, and the meaning is as follows: it is as if G-d says, “your joy [ditzach] will be when I trample [’adush with initial ’alef, in the mnemonic `adush with initial `ayin] with the dread [be’ivchat, in the mnemonic be’ichav] of the sword.” For `ayin and ’alef are frequently interchanged in Hebrew, and two letters can switch places in a single word,¹⁹⁸This is called metathesis. as in the words simla and keves, which are often written salma and kesev.¹⁹⁹Be’ichav can therefore be derived from be’ivchat of Ezekiel. `adush is based on the verse in Habakkuk 3:12, “you trampled [Heb. tadush] the nations with wrath”. Be’ichav is based on the verse in Ezekiel 21:20, “dread of the sword” [Heb. ’ivchat cherev], where Rashi explains that the tav is only there because the words is in the construct state and is not part of the root.]

He crushed the head on a great land This resembles the prophecy of Habakkuk (3:12): “You have crushed the head of the house of the wicked.” [This refers to] the head of Pharaoh, who was the head and the prince of a land greater and more esteemed than all the lands, as is said (above 102:20): “a ruler of peoples [sent] and loosed his bonds,” for all the nations were under the rule of Egypt.

D’tzakh, a’dash ba’achav- Tosofot Yom Tov,²³⁵Yom-Tov Lipmann ben Nathan ha-Levi Heller, 1578- 1654, was a Bohemian rabbi and Talmudist, best-known for writing a commentary on the Mishnah called the Tosafot Yom-Tov (1614-7). Heller was one of the major Talmudic scholars in Prague and in Poland during the "Golden Age" before 1648. in questions whether there is some special meaning to these abbreviations his commentary on Pirke Avot, 5:4. We can find meaning in these words when we consider that the letters aleph and ayin are interchangeable and that letter combinations in Hebrew words are interposable – we have the same word that is sometimes written mem lamed and sometimes lamed mem. A’dash can be written with an aleph as in: “You have tread (tadush) the earth with anger.”²³⁶Habakkuk 3:12 Ba’achav is related to the verse: “At all the gates I have appointed slaughter by the sword (b’ichvat cherev).” It is as if God is saying, through the plagues “I will cut down and tread with the sword by slaughter.” But this is extremely difficult and forced since it involves changing letters!
A simpler explanation of this abbreviation relates to the story of Esau and Jacob. Jacob convinced Esau to sell him his birthright by telling him that if he held on to it he would suffer for four hundred years as a slave in Egypt. When the children of Jacob were enslaved in Egypt they were deeply distressed by the suffering that was imposed on them by Jacob’s decision to buy the birthright. When the plagues occurred, they realized that Jacob would be vindicated and they rejoiced that their redemption would finally take place. This is the meaning of D’tzakh, a”dash ba’achav: d’zakh comes from the word ditzah, your rejoicing. A’dash is from the word adashim, lentils; the food which Jacob gave his brother. And ba’achav is b’ach bet, the second brother. Your rejoicing results from the lentils, the food which Jacob sold to his brother, Esau. We can now understand why the final plague struck the first born of Egypt. God had vindicated Jacob’s purchase of the birthright earlier by saying, Israel is my first born, and now God struck down the first born of Egypt!