Rujukan Talmud untuk Imamat 27:31: Jerusalem Talmud Demai, Jerusalem Talmud Maaser Sheni, Jerusalem Talmud Nazir & Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia

MISHNAH: Demay⁶⁷The subject is the Second Tithe. How far the Mishnah might be applicable to the heave of the tithe will be discussed in the Halakhah. is not subject to a fifth⁶⁸If the Second Tithe is redeemed by money so that the produce itself becomes profane, one fifth (from above, a quarter from below) must be added (Lev. 27:31). This does not apply to the Second Tithe of Demay. or to elimination⁶⁹The Second Tithe must be consumed at the latest during the year when the Tithe of the Poor is due, i. e., the tithes of years 1, 2 of the Sabbatical cycle must be eaten before the end of year 3, those of years 4,5 by the end of year 6 (Deut. 26:13)., it may be eaten by a strict mourner⁷⁰The אונן, the strict mourner, is a close relative of a deceased person from the time of death to the end of the day of burial when he must concentrate on the duties of burial and is excluded from all other religious rites (Deut. 26:14). Since the Second Tithe of demay does not have the sanctity of Second Tithe, it is not deemed subject to that prohibition., it may enter Jerusalem and leave it⁷¹Genuine Second Tithe may not leave Jerusalem after having entered but must be consumed there. This is the position of the anonymous Tanna in Mishnah Maäser Šeni 3:5. [According to Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel, all Second Tithe may leave Jerusalem. In the Babli (Baba Meẓia‘ 54b) the prohibition is given rabbinic character only. Maimonides (Maäser Šeni 2:9) restricts this part of the Mishnah to demay itself, not the Second Tithe taken from demay, on the basis of a discussion in tractate Maäser Šeni 3:4, as explained by the commentators of Maimonides.], and one may destroy a small part of it on the road⁷²Genuine Second Tithe must be brought to Jerusalem intact. The Halakhah will define “small part”.; he may give it to the am haäreẓ if he eats correspondingly⁷³The am haäreẓ is a person who cannot be presumed to eat his food, other than sacrifices, in ritual purity; cf. the definition of am haäreẓ in the Introduction. The Second Tithe is not a sacrifice but nevertheless must be eaten in ritual purity (Deut. 24:16); hence, genuine Second Tithe may not be shared with the am haäreẓ. For the Second Tithe of demay, if it is too little for a meal, the owner may give that to the am haäreẓ in preference to have it entirely wasted, but nevertheless the owner has to spend of his own money to buy pure food in the same amount to eat in purity (Maimonides Maäser Šeni3:9)., he may redeem silver for silver, copper for copper, silver for copper⁷⁴Genuine Second Tithe must be redeemed with silver coins (Deut. 14:25); it may not be redeemed in copper, neither may the silver be exchanged for copper. [As a matter of practice, it is permitted to exchange silver coins for gold coins to reduce their weight (Maäser Šeni 2:7).], and copper for produce⁷⁵Outside of Jerusalem; R. Meïr permits these vegetables to be redeemed again; the Sages require them to be eaten in Jerusalem. By contrast, everybody agrees that it is possible to exchange coins many times for other coins. if he again redeems the produce, the words of Rebbi Meïr. But the Sages say, produce should be brought up and eaten in Jerusalem.

MISHNAH: If the owner says⁵²He offers for redemption of his Second Tithe. He has to add a fifth of the amount, Lev. 27:31. a tetradrachma and another says a tetradrachma, the owner is preferred since he adds a fifth. The owner says a tetradrachma and someone else says a tetradrachma and an as, the one who offers a tetradrachma and an as is preferred since he adds to the capital⁵³By contrast, for redemption of property dedicated to the Temple, the other person would have to offer more than 125% of the owner’s offer before his offer would be considered. The difference between the Second Tithe and Temple dedication is (a) that redemption money of tithe remains in the hand of the owner (Babli Arakhin27b) and (b) for Second Tithe, the owner can get out of the obligation to pay the additional fifth (Mishnah 4).. He who redeems his own Second Tithe adds a fifth, whether it is his own or was given to him as a gift⁵⁴The meaning of the last clause depends on whether one holds that Second Tithe is the owner’s money, then Second Tithe may be a gift, or whether it is Heaven’s money in the hand of the farmer, when it can be given only as ṭevel but not as tithe..

MISHNAH: A person who made a vow of nazir, asked the Sages and they forbade, counts from the moment of his vow⁸⁵He regretted his vow. When the vow was confirmed, the time of his regret is also counted.. If he asked the Sages and they permitted, if he had an animal designated, it leaves and grazes with the herd⁷³Mishnah 4. If a person makes a vow of nazir, designates an animal as his sacrifice at completion, and then asks about his vow and has it annulled, the animal becomes profane.. The house of Hillel said to the House of Shammai: Do you not agree that this is dedication in error, it leaves and grazes in the herd⁸⁶Therefore, the principle announced in Mishnah 1 does not always apply.? The House of Shammai anwered, do you not agree that if somebody erred and designated the ninth as the tenth, or the tenth as ninth, or the eleventh as tenth, it is sanctified⁸⁷Mishnah Bekhorot 9:8. Every tenth newborn animal of cattle, sheep, and goats has to be brought as sacrifice (Lev. 27:31). The sacrifice is eaten by the rancher and his family; the priests have no part in it. The verse requires that the animals be counted with a staff and the tenth be designated. If the rancher erred between 9, 10, 11, all animals involved are sanctified. But if the error was by a count of more than one, there is no dedication and the animals remain profane.? The House of Hillel anwered, not the staff sanctified it, for if he erred and put his staff on the eighth or the twelth, did he do anything? But the verse which sanctified the tenth sanctified the ninth and the eleventh⁸⁸Lev. 27:31, interpreted in the Halakhah, the Babli Bekhorot 61a, and Sifra Beḥuqqotay Pereq 13(2)..