Rujukan Talmud untuk Keluaran 21:13: Jerusalem Talmud Eruvin & Makkot

HALAKHAH: “If somebody was taken out by Gentiles,” etc. Otherwise²¹Translating G; the text of L makes little sense. what would we say? He should be considered like someone who left with permission²²Since he did not leave intentionally or even accidentally. Either he was taken by force or he left when insane and not obligated to keep any commandment. and he should have 2’000 cubits in every direction. Therefore [it is necessary]²³Added from G. to say that “he only has four cubits.” From where the four cubits? Stay everybody at his spot²⁴Ex. 16:29.. And from where 2’000 cubits? A person should not leave his place on the Seventh Day²⁴Ex. 16:29.. Or switching, as (we have stated) [it was stated so:]²⁵The correct text is that of G in brackets since the quote is a baraita, not a Mishnah as implied by the text of L (in parentheses). Mekhilta dR. Ismael, ed. Horovitz-Rabin p. 262 (Yalqut Shimˋony Qonteros Aḥaron, ed. Ginzberg p. 318, Siddur Rash i #461.) “Issy ben Aqiba says “place, place”²⁶An argument by “equal cut”; the meaning of a word does not change from one use in the Pentateuch to another.. It is said here place, and it is said there, I shall Give you a place²⁷Ex. 21:13. The reference is to the cities of refuge which as levitic cities included a domain extending 2’000 cubits outside the built-up area.. Since the place mentioned there includes 2’000 cubits, so the place mentioned here includes 2’000 cubits.” ²⁸Tosephta 3:11, Babli 48a, Tanḥuma Buber Bemidbar #9 (p. 8, Note 74)“The four cubits which they mentioned are his full length and outstretched arms²⁹When he lies down with arms out-stretched behind his head. These justifications point more to a (Greek) cubit of 63cm than one of 55cm; cf. the Introduction.. Rebbi Jehudah says, he and three cubits³⁰The text of the Tosephta seems to make more sense: “3 cubits for his body and in addition 4 cubits so he can take …”. This reading is required since the bottom of an amphora is at least one cubit in diameter; if he is permitted to move it from above his head to below his feet he already has at least 5 cubits., so he can take an amphora from above his head and put it below his feet.” If he relieves himself, he relieves himself at the side; if he prays, he prays in the diagonal³²The meaning of this sentence is not clear; every explanation must be tentative. Since a person may not stay in two different domains on one Sabbath, and since the person started the Sabbath in his domain, it would be logical to infer that once he leaves this domain he is without a domain and if his 4 cubits intersect with an established Sabbath domain he may walk through the entire domain. But if his 4 feet constitute his new domain then intersection with any other domain is irrelevant for him..

Our Rabbis taught [in a baraita]: “Through error” (Numbers 35:11) this excludes acting willfully. “Without awareness” (Deuteronomy 19:4) this excludes intentionality.

Our Rabbis taught [in a baraita]: “If he came upon him suddenly” (Numbers 35:22) this excludes a [case when someone turns quickly] around a corner. “Without hatred” (Numbers 35:22) excludes the one who hates [their victim]. “He pushed him” (Numbers 35:22) [means] when he pushed his body. “Or hurled upon him” (Numbers 35:22) includes downward motion that is for a need of upward motion. “Without lying in wait (tz’diyah)” (Numbers 35:22) excludes the one who intends [to throw something] to one side (tzad) and it goes to the other side. “And if one does not lie in wait (tzadah)” (Exodus 21:13) excludes the one who intends to throw [something] two cubits and he threw [it] four cubits.