Bibbia Ebraica
Bibbia Ebraica

Chasidut su Deuteronomio 29:9

אַתֶּ֨ם נִצָּבִ֤ים הַיּוֹם֙ כֻּלְּכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם רָאשֵׁיכֶ֣ם שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֗ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרֵיכֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ל אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

State oggi in piedi tutti davanti al Signore vostro Dio: i vostri capi, le vostre tribù, i vostri anziani e i vostri ufficiali, perfino tutti gli uomini d'Israele,

Kedushat Levi

Deuteronomy 29,9., “All of you are standing assembled ‎this day in the presence of the Lord your G’d;” the ‎paragraph commencing here with “in the presence etc.,” appears ‎to contain unnecessary words. [Our author refers ‎especially to the words: “in the presence of the Lord your G’d,” ‎seeing that when Moses addressed the people in the name of the ‎Lord during their stay in the desert they had always been “in the ‎presence” of the Lord. Ed.] It helps us understand a ‎statement in Rosh Hashanah 34, according to which the ‎blowing of the shofar as well as the recital of certain ‎benedictions in the prayer service are mandatory on New Year’s ‎Day and on Yom Kippur, (Jubilee year) as opposed to other ‎occasions, such as public fast days decreed by the Rabbis. This is ‎based on G’d having requested that on these days we proclaim ‎Him as 1) King, 2) as the One Who remembers all that has ‎occurred in history, every individual’s thoughts, words and deeds, ‎and 3) has promised that by doing so through blowing the shofar, ‎this will beneficially effect how we are going to be judged on these ‎days. [Most of you are aware that the Mussaph ‎amidah on New’ Year’s day includes 10 verses from Scripture ‎referring to these three elements, malchiyot, zichronot, ‎‎shofarot, that distinguish this Day. Ed.]
As we have repeated on many occasions, G’d is interested in ‎the dispensing of His largesse to mankind, and especially us, His ‎people; the word ‎פנים‎, usually translated as “face, or presence,” ‎alludes to G’d being in a benevolent frame of mind vis a vis ‎mankind or His people, whereas the word ‎אחור‎, usually translated ‎as “rear, or backward,” allude to times when G’d is angry at ‎mankind or, G’d forbid, His people.‎
By addressing the whole nation as “standing” ‎לפני‎ (from ‎פנים‎) ‎before the Lord when He is in benevolent frame of mind, Moses ‎hints that the reason that G’d is in such a frame of mind is ‎because He is not only G’d, but “your G’d,” i.e. you have related to ‎Him as your Patron. The author adds another nuance of the word ‎פנים‎, tracing it to the root ‎פנה‎, to turn, change direction. G’d is ‎looking for a reason to aim His largesse in your direction.
[Seeing that in verse 17 the Torah uses the word ‎פנה‎ ‎also negatively, i.e. as turning away from G’d, when it writes: ‎אשר ‏לבבו פונה היום מעם ה' אלוקינו‎, “whose heart turns away from being ‎with the Lord our G’d,” and we do not find the word ‎אחור‎ in that ‎context, it is difficult to accept the author’s definition of ‎פנים ‏ואחור‎. Ed.]
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