Halakhah su Levitico 25:11

We also find written⁸³ Ibn Ezra now proceeds to show that for some matters the year begins with the month of Tishre. Here he seems to be countering the Karites, who did not accept the first of Tishre as Rosh haShana. The Karites argued that there is no Scriptural basis for the first of Tishre being anything other than a day when work is forbidden (Leviticus 23:23–25) and special sacrifices are offered (Numbers 29: 1–5). The Karites began the year for all religious matters with the first of Nisan. with regard to Tabernacles “at the turn of the year” (Exodus 34:22), and also “at the departure of the year” (ibid. 23:16). Now the same day when one year ends a new year begins. We also find that God instructed us in a law of Haqhel, when the entire Torah is read during the holiday of Tabernacles of a Sabbatical year (Deuteronomy 31:10–13). There it is written “in order that they may learn” (ibid. 31:12). It is not likely that this took place after half a year.⁸⁴ Thus, Haqhel certainly took place at the beginning of a Sabbatical year, indicating that a Sabbatical year began around the time of Tabernacles. Do not be perplexed by the word “At an end (miqqez) of seven years” (ibid. 31:10),⁸⁵ The verse concerning Haqhel reads: “At the end of seven years, in the time of the Sabbatical year, on the holiday of Tabernacles,” which seems to indicate that the celebration of Haqhel took place at the conclusion of the Sabbatical year and the beginning of the eighth year. for we similarly find “At an end (miqqez) of seven years you shall send forth, each man his brother” (Jeremiah 34:14).⁸⁶ We know that servants were set free after six years (Exodus 21:2). Thus “miqqez” must here refer to the beginning of the seventh year. Similarly for Haqhel, the word “miqqez” means “beginning” rather than “end.” For each thing has two edges, a front edge and a back edge. The Sabbatical year began with Tishre,⁸⁷ Here Ibn Ezra refutes the Karites who began the Sabbatical year with Nisan. (See Ibn Ezra’s commentary to Leviticus 25:20.) which is the seventh month, since then the half year of planting began. Thus it states regarding the Sabbatical year “do not plant” (Leviticus 25:4), and “You shall plant on the eighth year” (ibid. 25:22).

From the laws of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Sifra, Behar, Section 1:2) that the obligation of the commandment of this count is only after the conquest and division of the land, as it is stated (Leviticus 25:3), "Six years shall you sow your field and six years shall you prune your vineyard" - until each and every one recognizes his land. And from when the tribe of Reuven and Gad and half [of the] tribe of Menashe were exiled, this commandment became negated, because the Jubilees were negated from that time and onward; as it is sated (Leviticus 25:10), "and you shall proclaim freedom in the land for all of its inhabitants" - only when all of its inhabitants are upon it; and also that they not be mixed up (see Arakhin 32b), but rather sitting in their proper order. And at the time when the Jubilee is practiced in the Land [of Israel], it is [also] practiced outside of the Land; as it is stated (Leviticus 25:11), "It is a Jubilee" - meaning in every place (Kiddushin 38b). And at the time when the Jubilee is practiced, the law of the Hebrew slave is practiced, as well as the law of the houses of a walled city, the law of a consecrated (cherem) field and the field of a holding; and we accept a resident stranger (ger toshav).

That we not work the land on the Jubilee year: That we not work the land on the Jubilee year, in the same way that we were prevented from its work on the sabbatical year. As it is stated about the Jubilee (Leviticus 25:11), "you shall not sow," [just] like it is stated about the sabbatical (Leviticus 25:4), "your field shall you not sow." And [just] like the sabbatical year is forbidden whether regarding the working of the land or whether regarding the working of the trees, so is [it with] the Jubilee. And therefore, "you shall not sow," is a category that includes land and tree.