Midrash su Deuteronomio 10:16

6) (Vayikra 9:6) "And Moses said: This thing that the L–rd commanded shall you do": Moses said to Israel: That yetzer hara (for idolatry) — remove it from your heart, and let all of you be of one fear and of one counsel — to minister before the L–rd. Just as He is One in the world, let your worship be "one" before Him, as it is written (Devarim 10:16): "And you shall circumcise the foreskin (i.e., the occlusion) of your hearts." Why? (Devarim 10:17): "For the L–rd your G d — He is the G d of gods and the L–rd of lords. If you do so, then (Vayikra, Ibid.): "There shall appear to you the glory of the L–rd."

When the Holy One, blessed be He, told Abraham: Walk before Me, and be thou wholehearted (Gen. 17:1), Abraham began to wonder. He said to himself: “Surely, until now I have been whole in body, but if I circumcise myself I shall be incomplete. There are five prepuces, four in a man and one on a tree. The prepuce of the ear, as it is written: Behold, their ear is uncircumcised (Jer. 6:10); the prepuce of the heart, as it is written: Remove the obduracy of your heart (Deut. 10:16); the prepuce of the tongue, as it is said: Of uncircumcised lips (Exod. 6:12); the prepuce of the flesh, as it is written in this verse: Ye shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin (Gen. 17:1). If I should circumcise any one of these prepuces, my organs will be incomplete.” The Holy One, blessed be He, asked him: “Why do you believe that you are whole? In fact you lack five limbs. Before you were circumcised, your name was Abram: The alef in your name is one, the bet two, the resh two hundred, and the mem forty, and that totals two hundred and forty-three. However, Man’s limbs total two hundred and forty-eight. Circumcise yourself and you will be whole.” After he was circumcised, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Him: No longer is your name Abram; henceforth it will be Abraham (ibid., v. 5). He added a heh, which equals five, to his name, making a total of two hundred forty-eight, corresponding to the number of limbs in the human body. Hence Scripture says: Be thou whole.

Rabbi Ẓe'era || said: There are five kinds of 'Orlah (things uncircumcised) in the world: four with reference to man, and one concerning trees. Whence do we know this concerning the four (terms) applying to man? (Namely,) the uncircumcision of the ear, the uncircumcision of the lips, the uncircumcision of the heart, and the uncircumcision of the flesh. Whence do we know of the uncircumcision of the ear? Because it is said, "Behold, their ear is uncircumcised" (Jer. 6:10). Whence do we know of the uncircumcision of the lips? Because it is said, "For I am of uncircumcised lips" (Ex. 6:12). Whence do we know of the uncircumcision of the heart? Because it is said, "Circumcise the foreskin of your heart" (Deut. 10:16); and (the text) says, "For all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart" (Jer. 9:26). Whence do we know of the uncircumcision of the flesh? Because it is said, "And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin" (Gen. 17:14). And "all the nations are uncircumcised" in all the four cases, and "all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart." The uncircumcision of the heart does not suffer Israel to do the will of their Creator. And in the future the Holy One, blessed be He, will take away from Israel the uncircumcision of the heart, and they will not harden their stubborn (heart) any more before their Creator, as it is said, "And I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh" (Ezek. 36:26); and it is said, "And ye shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin" (Gen. 17:11). Whence do we know concerning the one ('Orlah) for trees? Because it is said, "And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as their uncircumcision: three years shall they be as uncircumcised unto you" (Lev. 19:23).