Talmud su Deuteronomio 24:15

¹⁴²A different text with similar meaning in Sifry Deut. 266; a different baraita Babli Baba Meẓi‘a 87b. It is written (Deut. 23:25): “If you come into your neighbor’s vineyard¹⁴³The verse reads: If you come into your neighbor’s vineyard you may eat grapes to all your soul’s desire until you are satiated, but do not put anything into your own vessel..” I could think that this means everybody; the verse says: “Do not put into your own vessel,” but you may put into somebody else’s vessel. Who is this? This is the laborer¹⁴⁴Who harvests into the farmer’s vessel.. “You may eat grapes.” Do we not know that in a vineyard there is nothing to eat but grapes? Why does the verse say, you may eat grapes¹⁴⁵What is the practical difference between “you may eat in the vineyard” and “you may eat grapes in the vineyard”? The same argument Yerushalmi Baba Meẓi‘a 7:5.? From here [it follows] that if he works fig trees he cannot eat grapes, vines he cannot eat figs. “All your soul’s desire,” all that your inclination may be. “All your soul’s desire,” anything that is free from tithes. What you eat without obligation also the laborer may eat without obligation¹⁴⁶This and the following parallel argument refer כנפשך to the employer’s soul and desire, not the laborer’s. This interpretation is also in all parallel sources.. “All your soul’s desire,” from here that the laborer should not eat more than the value of his wages. From here did Rebbi Eleazar Ḥisma¹⁴⁷A Tanna of the third generation, student of R. Joshua in the Academy of Jabneh. His statement is in Mishnah Baba Meẓi‘a 7:4, Tosephta Baba Meẓi‘a8:8. deduce that the laborer should not eat more than the value of his wages, but the Sages permit it. From where that his wages are called his soul? Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina, it says here “his soul” and it says at another place “his soul” as it is written (Deut. 24:15): “For that he carries his soul.” Just as “his soul” there means his wages, so here “his soul” means his wages. “Until you are satiated,” that he should not eat and vomit¹⁴⁸He should not induce vomiting to free his stomach for more food.. “Until you are satiated,” that he should not peel figs or suck out grapes¹⁴⁹Tosephta Baba Meẓi‘a 8:8. The laborer has to eat all that is edible..

It was stated¹⁰⁸Cf. Mekhilta dR. Ismael Mišpaṭim 19 (p. 316–317); Mekhilta dR. Simeon b. Ioḥai p. 212; Tanḥuma Mišpaṭim 10; Ex. rabba 30:7; Sifry Deut. 277.: He takes a day garment as pledge during the night and a night garment during the day. He returns a day garment during the day and a night garment during the night. Pillow and bed sheet¹⁰⁹Corrected version of the scribe. First he wrote סָגוֹס σάγος, "coarse coat" (expression used in Mekhilta dR. Simeon b. Ioḥai, Sifry Deut.). which are used as cover during the night he may take as pledge during the day and return for the night. An axe and a plough which usually are used for work during the day he may take as pledge during the night and return for the day. Rebbi La said: Sometimes one explains the verse¹¹⁰Deut. 24:15 (speaking of worker’s wages, not pledges). “the sun shall not come onto it,” as “the sun shall not rise upon it”, but sometimes one explains as “the sun shall not set upon it” since it is written “returning you shall return the pledge to him when the sun comes,¹¹¹Deut. 24:13.” at sunrise, “until the going of the sun return it to him,¹⁰¹Ex. 22:25.” until sundown.