Talmud su Esodo 21:37
כִּ֤י יִגְנֹֽב־אִישׁ֙ שׁ֣וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֔ה וּטְבָח֖וֹ א֣וֹ מְכָר֑וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בָקָ֗ר יְשַׁלֵּם֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשּׁ֔וֹר וְאַרְבַּע־צֹ֖אן תַּ֥חַת הַשֶּֽׂה׃
Qualora taluno rubi un bue, o un agnello, e lo scanni, o lo venda; cinque animali bovini pagherà in cambio del bue, e quattro bestie minute in cambio dell’agnello.
Jerusalem Talmud Bava Kamma
MISHNAH: The obligation to make double restitution1The general punishment of a thief, Ex. 22:3,8. is more frequent than that of paying quadruple or quintuple restitution since the obligation to make double restitution applies both to living things and to inanimate objects; but the obligation of paying quadruple or quintuple restitution only applies to oxen and sheep, as it is said: “If a man steal an ox or a sheep,2Ex. 21:37 decrees quintuple payment for stolen cattle sold or slaughtered by the thief and quadruple payment for stolen sheep or goats.” etc. He who steals from a thief does not pay double restitution, nor does the one who slaughters or sells after a thief pay quadruple or quintuple restitution.
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Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia
MISHNAH: If one deposited an animal or vessels with another1Without paying for the service. The paid trustee has to pay except for an act of God or armed robbery. and they were stolen or lost: If the other paid and did not want to swear2Since he avoids all oaths because of religious scruples. although they said that the unpaid trustee swears and is absolved3Mishnah 7:8, based on Ex. 22:6–8. He has to swear (1) that the object deposited is not in his possession and (2) that he was not negligent., in case the thief was found, he pays double restitution4Ex. 22:6.; if he slaughtered or sold it, he pays quadruple or quintuple restitution5Ex. 21:37.. To whom does he pay? To the person with whom it was deposited6Who had acquired the right to the deposited object by paying for it..
If the other had sworn and did not pay, in case the thief was found, he pays double restitution; if he slaughtered or sold it, he pays quadruple or quintuple restitution. To whom does he pay? To the owner of the deposit.
If the other had sworn and did not pay, in case the thief was found, he pays double restitution; if he slaughtered or sold it, he pays quadruple or quintuple restitution. To whom does he pay? To the owner of the deposit.
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Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot
MISHNAH: “Where is my ox?” He told him, “I do not know.” “What are you telling?” But if had died, or broke, or was abducted, or stolen, or lost. “I want you to swear;” he answered “Amen”. He is not liable71Even though he swore under a false category, since he swore correctly to the fact that he does not have to pay he is not liable for the sacrifice required for a false oath..
“Where is my ox?” He told him, “it was lost.” “I want you to swear;” he answered “Amen”. Witnesses testify that he ate it: he has to pay its value72He has to pay restitution. But since he did not claim falsely that it was stolen, there is no fine. In general there is no fine imposed if the culprit confesses before witnesses testify against him.. If he confessed himself he pays the value, and a fifth, and a reparation sacrifice73Following Lev. 5:20–25..
“Where is my ox?” He told him, “it was stolen.” “I want you to swear;” he answered “Amen”. Witnesses testify that he stole it: he has to pay double restitution74This is not the double restitution of the common thief (since the owner himself handed the animal or vessel over to him) but the double restitution required by Ex. 22:8.. If he confessed himself he pays the value, and a fifth, and a reparation sacrifice73Following Lev. 5:20–25..
He said to a person on the market, “where is my ox which you stole?” This one says, “I did not steal,” but witnesses testify that he stole it: he has to pay double restitution74This is not the double restitution of the common thief (since the owner himself handed the animal or vessel over to him) but the double restitution required by Ex. 22:8.. If he slaughtered or sold it, he pays quadruple or quintuple restitution75Ex. 21:37.. If he saw that witnesses appeared and said, “I stole but did neither slaughter nor sell,” he only pays its value76He did not swear; there is no additional fifth and sacrifice. There is no fine for the confessed thief; therefore he pays only the value even though he falsely claimed not to have slaughtered or sold the animal..
“Where is my ox?” He told him, “it was lost.” “I want you to swear;” he answered “Amen”. Witnesses testify that he ate it: he has to pay its value72He has to pay restitution. But since he did not claim falsely that it was stolen, there is no fine. In general there is no fine imposed if the culprit confesses before witnesses testify against him.. If he confessed himself he pays the value, and a fifth, and a reparation sacrifice73Following Lev. 5:20–25..
“Where is my ox?” He told him, “it was stolen.” “I want you to swear;” he answered “Amen”. Witnesses testify that he stole it: he has to pay double restitution74This is not the double restitution of the common thief (since the owner himself handed the animal or vessel over to him) but the double restitution required by Ex. 22:8.. If he confessed himself he pays the value, and a fifth, and a reparation sacrifice73Following Lev. 5:20–25..
He said to a person on the market, “where is my ox which you stole?” This one says, “I did not steal,” but witnesses testify that he stole it: he has to pay double restitution74This is not the double restitution of the common thief (since the owner himself handed the animal or vessel over to him) but the double restitution required by Ex. 22:8.. If he slaughtered or sold it, he pays quadruple or quintuple restitution75Ex. 21:37.. If he saw that witnesses appeared and said, “I stole but did neither slaughter nor sell,” he only pays its value76He did not swear; there is no additional fifth and sacrifice. There is no fine for the confessed thief; therefore he pays only the value even though he falsely claimed not to have slaughtered or sold the animal..
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