Talmud su Ezechiele 24:17

If he was informed on the holiday about the death of a relative but the Thirty²⁰⁷The 30 days after the burial, when all mourning ends except for father and mother. were completed before the end of the holiday. The colleagues are saying, since he was informed within the Thirty, he counts Seven²⁰⁸He has to observe the strict Seven days of mourning for himself even though the other members of the family have stopped even the minor mourning rites of the Thirty. after the Thirty. Rebbi Yose said to them, since he heard at a moment where he could not mourn it is as if he was informed after Thirty(;) [and] he observes only one day²⁰⁹Babli 20b.. Rabbi Idi of Caesarea in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If he received recent information on the Sabbath, he tears {his garment} the next day and mourns²¹⁰Since as a general principle the Sabbath, while it is a day without mourning, is counted as one of the Seven or Thirty days. Therefore if the last day of the Thirty was a Sabbath, the information is recent and he has to act on it immediately after the end of the Sabbath.. Rebbi Ḥanania said, he does not mourn²¹¹By the principle just explained, his not mourning on the Sabbath must be counted as mourning and he ends mourning at the end of the Sabbath with the family. But since he would have to rend his garments, he has to make up after the Sabbath.. Rebbi Mana said to him, is there tearing without mourning? Since for his father or his mother even after a length of time he is obligated to tear²¹²This is R. Ḥanania’s answer to R. Mana. Rejected by the Babli, 20a/b.. Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Even as derivative of a derivative²¹³A person either not directly involved or a more distant relative. he is forbidden to shave. As the following: Rebbi Mana was in Caesarea. He heard that his grandson had died, and he went and eulogized²¹⁴It seems that instead of ספד “to eulogize” one has to read ספר “was groomed” as printed in more recent editions of the Yerushalmi.. They said to him, did the Rabbi not teach us, even as derivative of a derivative he is forbidden to shave? He said to them, those who were with him²¹⁵A bystander present at the time of death has to tear his clothes. Babli 15a.. We were not there. Rebbi Eudaimon bar Tobi in the name of Rebbi Abbahu: even as derivative of a derivative he is obligated to tear, as Rebbi Abbahu said, groan silently²¹⁶Ez.24:17. Since Ezechiel was commanded not to mourn at the death of his wife, the list of things he is forbidden is the list of things every other mourner is obliged to follow. Babli 15a., from here that he has to cry. Do not arrange mourning for the dead, from here that he has to mourn. Your splendor put on yourself, some want to say, these are tefillin. Some want to say, this is pressing²¹⁷Wearing freshly pressed garments.. He who says these are tefillin; just as tefillin refer to two days, also mourning two days? He who says this is pressing; just as pressing is for thirty days, also mourning thirty days²¹⁸The list in Ezechiel is a general guideline, not a legal document.? Put your shoes on your feet, from here that he is forbidden wearing shoes. And do not cover your mustache, from here that he has to cover his mouth. Could he cover it from below? Rav Ḥisda said, so they should not say, he has a mouth-ache. And do not eat men’s bread, from here that the smaller ones go to the greater ones²¹⁹The Prophet, who is an important personality, is forbidden to accept the meal of consolation offered him by common people.. And from where that the greater ones go to the smaller ones? Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac said, it is written²²⁰Jer.16:5.: For so says the Eternal, do not go to a funeral repast²²¹Same argument as in Note 219, in the inverse direction., etc.

¹For a full discussion of what is prohibited to a mourner, cf. M.Ḳ. 15a, b and 21a, b (Sonc. ed., pp. 90ff, 133ff). The law is based on Ezek. 24, 17, 23 where the prophet is warned not to observe the usual rites of mourning. A mourner is forbidden to read the Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa;²Because the study of the Torah is a joy. he is also forbidden to study Mishnah, Talmud, halakoth and ’aggadoth. He is under the prohibition to bathe, anoint [the body], put on sandals³These and covering the head are signs of mourning; cf. 2 Sam. 15, 30, Jer. 14, 3f, Esth. 6, 12. and cohabit. He is obliged to cover his head and overturn his couch.⁴Cf. M.Ḳ. 15a, b (Sonc. ed., p. 92): God says, ‘I have set the likeness of Mine image on them and through their sins have I upset it; let your couches be overturned on account thereof’. According to A. Marmorstein the rite served the purpose of warning the mourners against sexual intercourse which is forbidden in the days of mourning; cf. j.Ber. III, 1, 6a.
It is related of Rabban Gamaliel⁵Cf. Ber. 16b (Sonc. ed., p. 96). that when his wife died he bathed on the first night. His disciples said to him, ‘Master, have you not taught us that a mourner is forbidden to bathe?’ He replied, ‘I am not like other men, I am delicate’.