Talmud su Osea 6:78

²²This and the following paragraphs are reproduced in Berakhot5:2 (Notes 63–86); the origin is here. The theme is that God has to be praised for rain in the prayer for resurrection of the dead during the rainy season (Mishnah Berakhot5:2, Note 62). Just as the resurrection of the dead brings life to the world, so rains bring life to the world. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba understood it from here: He will resurrect us after two days, on the third day He will raise us up and we shall live before Him. We shall know, we shall pursue to know the Eternal, like morning His appearance is well based²³Hos. 6:2–3. The first verse of Hosea clearly speaks of resurrection, the second verse ends: it(knowing God) will come like rain to us, like late rains which pour on the Land. The verses are further discussed in Sanhedrin11:8 (Note 117), Babli Rosh Hashshanah31a, Sanhedrin97a..

Rav Ḥuna said: He who goes to the synagogue must be light-footed. What is the reason? (Hos. 6:3) “We shall know, let us run to know the Eternal.” But when one leaves, one has to go in small steps. What is the reason? (Job 14:16) “For now You will count my steps.⁴¹In the Babli (6b), Rav Ḥuna is credited only with the second statement (without supporting verse). The first statement, with the supporting verse, is given by Abbaye, two generations later; clearly under the influence of the Yerushalmi tradition.”

HALAKHAH: Just as the resurrection of the dead brings life to the world, so rains bring life to the world⁶³These are all arguments that God has to be praised for rain in the prayer for resurrection during the rainy season. The first verse of Hosea clearly speaks of resurrection, the second one ends: “it (knowing God) will come like rain to us, like late rains that pour on the Land.”. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba understood it from here (Hos. 6:2–3): “He will resurrect us after two days, on the third day He will raise us up and we shall live before Him. We shall know, we shall pursue to know the Eternal, like morning his appearance is well-based⁶⁴These verses are further discussed in Yerushalmi Taäniot 1:1 (fol. 63d), Sanhedrin 11:8 (fol. 30c), Babli Roš Haššanah 31a, Sanhedrin 97a..”

Shimon the Righteous was one of the last surviving members of the Men of the Great Assembly. He would say: The world stands on three things: on the Torah, on the Temple service, and on acts of kindness.
On the Torah. How so? It says (Hosea 6:6), “I desire kindness, not a well-being offering (zevach), and the knowledge of God [which comes from studying Torah] more than burnt offerings (olot).” From here we learn that the burnt offering is more beloved than the well-being offering, because the burnt offering is entirely consumed in the fires, as it says (Leviticus 1:9), “The priest shall turn the whole thing into smoke on the altar.” And in another place (I Samuel 7:9), it says, “Samuel took one milking lamb, and offered it to be consumed, as a burnt offering to the Eternal.” And the study of Torah is more beloved before the Omnipresent God than offerings, for if a person studys Torah, he comes to have knowledge of the Omnipresent God, as it says (Proverbs 2:5), “Then you will understand the awe of the Eternal and you will discover the knowledge of God.” From here we learn that when a sage sits and expounds before the congregation, Scripture considers it as if he brought fat and blood upon the altar.
If two Torah scholars are sitting and laboring in the Torah, and a bridal or funeral procession passes by, if there are already enough people participating, these two should not leave their studying; but if not, they should get up and offer words of Torah and praise to the bride, or escort the dead.

On acts of kindness. How so? It says (Hosea 6:6), “For I desire kindness, not a well-being offering.” The world was created from the very beginning with kindness, as it says (Psalms 89:3), “For I have said that the world will be built on kindness, and the heavens will be established on Your faith.” Once, Rabban [our rabbi] Yohanan ben Zakkai, left Jerusalem, and Rabbi Yehoshua followed after him. And he saw the Holy Temple destroyed. [Rabbi Yehoshua said: Woe to us, for this is destroyed –] the place where all of Israel’s sins are forgiven!²I.e., via the bringing of sacrifices. [Rabbi Yohanan] said to him: My son, do not be distressed, for we have a form of atonement just like it. And what is it? Acts of kindness, as it says (Psalms 89:3), “For I desire kindness, not a well-being offering.” And so we find that Daniel, the precious man, would busy himself with acts of kindness. And what were these acts of kindness that he was so busy with? If you would say that in fact he did bring burnt offerings and other sacrifices in Babylon, doesn’t it already say (Deuteronomy 12:13–14), “Take care not to bring burnt offerings in just any place you see, but only in the place that the Eternal will choose in one of your tribal territories shall you bring burnt offerings.” So what were the acts of kindness he busied himself with? He would help a bride and bring her happiness, he would escort the dead [in a funeral procession], and he would always give a perutah to a poor person. And he would pray three times a day, and his prayers would be gladly accepted, as it says (Daniel 6:11), “When Daniel learned that [the ban against worshiping God] had been put in writing, he went to his house, in whose upper chamber he had windows made facing Jerusalem, and three times a day he knelt down, prayed, and made a confession to his God, as he had always done.”
And when Vespasian came to destroy Jerusalem, he said to [the inhabitants]: Fools! Why do you seek to destroy this city and burn the Holy Temple? What do I request of you? Only that you give me one bow or one arrow [as a sign of your surrender], and then I will leave you be. They said to him: Just as we went out [to battle] against the two who came before you, and killed them, so will we go out against you and kill you. When Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai heard this, he sent for the men of Jerusalem and said to them: My children, why do seek to destroy this city and burn the Holy Temple? For what did he ask of you but one bow or one arrow, and then he would leave you be. They said to him: Just as we went out [to battle] against the two who came before him, and we killed them, so will we go out against him and kill him. Vespasian had men lurking within the walls of Jerusalem, and everything they heard they would would write on an arrow and shoot over the wall. So they reported that Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai supported the Caesar. [Thus would he remind the men of Jerusalem, i.e., plead with them to acquiesce to Vespasian.] And after Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai said this [to them] day after day, and saw that they would not accept his advice, he sent for his students, Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua, and said to them: My sons, take me out of this place! Make me a coffin, and I will sleep in it. So Rabbi Eliezer held [the coffin] on one end, and Rabbi Yehoshua held it (on the other, and they carried him until the sun set, right up to the gates of Jerusalem. The gatekeepers said to them: What is this? They replied: A dead body – and you know that a corpse cannot remain overnight in Jerusalem. They said: If that is a dead body, go ahead and take it out [of the city]). So they took him out (and they were carrying him until sunset) until they came to Vespasian, and they opened the coffin, and [Rabbi Yohanan] got up and stood before him. He said: So you are Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai. Ask for whatever you wish, and I will give it to you. He replied: I ask nothing from you except for Yavneh. I will go there and teach my students, and I will establish prayer, and I will do all the mitzvot [mentioned in the Torah]. [Vespasian] replied: Go. All that you wish to do, you may do. [Rabbi Yohanan] said to him: Do you want me to tell you one thing? He said: Go ahead. He said to him: Take note; soon you will ascend to the kingship. How do you know? [Vespasian] said to him. [Rabbi Yohanan answered:] We have a tradition that the Holy Temple will not be taken by an ordinary man, but only by a king. For it says (Isaiah 10:34), “And the Lebanon tree will fall in its majesty.” They say that it was not (one or two or) three days until a letter came from [Vespasian’s] city announcing that the Caesar had died and they were appointing him to ascend to the kingship. They brought him a catapult and positioned it toward the walls of Jerusalem. Then they brought him cedar posts, put them in the catapult, and fired them against the wall until they made a breach. Then they brought him the head of a pig, put it in the catapult, and flung it toward the sacrificial portions that were on the [Temple] altar.
While Jerusalem was being taken, Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai was sitting and waiting, and he trembled (before God), just as Eli sat and watched, as it says (I Samuel 4:13), “There was Eli, sitting on a seat on the side of the road, waiting, and his heart trembled because of the Ark of God.” When Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai heard that Jerusalem was destroyed and the Holy Temple was burning in flames, he tore his clothes, and his students tore their clothes, and they cried and screamed and lamented.
It says (Zechariah 11:1), “Open your doors, Lebanon [i.e., the Holy Temple], and let fire consume your cedars” – these are the (high) priests who were in the Sanctuary, who [took] their keys in their hands and threw them toward the heavens, and said before the Holy Blessed One: Master of the World! Here are Your keys, which You entrusted to us. For we were not faithful custodians doing the King’s work and eating from the King’s table.
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and the twelve tribes, were also crying and screaming and lamenting, and they said (Zechariah 11:2), “Howl, cypresses, for cedars have fallen! How the mighty are ravaged!” [“Howl, cypresses, for cedars have fallen!” – these are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and the twelve tribes.] “Howl, you oaks of Bashan” – these are Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. “For the stately forest is laid low” – that is the Holy of Holies. “The voice of wailing shepherds, for their fields [have been ravaged]” (Zechariah 11:3) – these are David and his son Solomon. “The sound of the lions roaring, for the jungle of the Jordan has been ravaged” – these are Elijah and Elisha.

If a prophet starts to prophesy, one listens to him if he gives a sign or miracle; otherwise one does not listen to him¹¹³Deut. 13:2. It is no disrespect to Heaven if one disregards the sayings of an unqualified prophet.. Two prophets who prophesied indentically, two prophets who prophesied in the same sense¹¹⁴This reading (Pene Moshe) is preferable to reading בְכָרָךְ אֶחָד “in the same fortified place” (Qorban Haˋedah).? Rebbi Isaac and Rebbi Hoshaia: One said, each one has to provide a sign or a miracle; the other said, not each one has to provide a sign or a miracle¹¹⁵But the accredited prophet can legitimate his companion.. The one who said he did objected to the one who said he did not: Is it not written¹¹⁶2K. 20:8., Ezekias said to Isaias, what is the sign? He told him, that is different since he was occupied in reviving the dead. He shall revive us after two days; on the third day He will lift us up and we shall live before Him¹¹⁷Hos. 6:2. The verse is the basic source for the belief that the resurrection has to be on the third day, or that souls have to suffer punishment for their misdeeds while alive for two days and on the third day are admitted to Paradise (Berakhot 5:2 Note 64; Taˋaniot 1:1 63d l.52). Ezekias was declared ready to die (2K. 20:1) and was well enough to go to the Temple on the third day; this shows that his recovery was indeed a resurrection..

When R. Ḥanina b. Teradion was arrested⁴²So GRA and H; V has ‘entered’. on the charge of heresy,⁴³His heresy consisted in occupying himself with the Torah when it was forbidden by the Romans. Cf. ‘A.Z. 17b (Sonc. ed., p. 90), Sifrë, §307. [the Romans] sentenced him to be burnt, his wife to be executed and his daughter to be consigned to a brothel. He asked, ‘What have they decreed against that poor woman?’ They replied, ‘She is to be executed’. Thereupon he recited of her the verse, The Lord is righteous in all his ways.⁴⁴Ps. 145, 17. She asked, ‘What have they decreed against the Rabbi?’ They replied, ‘He is to be burnt’. Thereupon she recited of him the verse, Great in counsel, and mighty in work.⁴⁵Jer. 32, 19.
When they burnt him, they wrapped him in a scroll of the Torah and burnt him. His daughter wept, wailed and threw herself before him. Whereupon he exclaimed, ‘My daughter, if for me you weep, if for me you throw yourself down, it were better that a fire which [a man] has fanned should consume me and not one which [a man] has not fanned;⁴⁶i.e. the fires of Gehinnom. as it is stated, A fire not blown by man shall consume him.⁴⁷Job 20, 26. If, however, you threw yourself down because of the scroll of the Torah, behold, the letters are flying upwards and only parchment is being consumed. For even great servants of the king are punished by inferior servants, [as it is stated,] Therefore have I hewed them by the prophets, I have slain them by the words of My mouth’.⁴⁸Hos. 6, 5. The prophets, the servants of God, endeavoured to hew Israel into shape but the people ill-treated them.

What means “contaminated with wine”¹²⁴The expression is uncommon and in the Mishnah in the Babli and the independent Mishnah mss. is replaced by עֲכֶּבֶת “a remainder”.? If it is dirty, as one says, immersed in blood¹²⁵Hos. 6:8..