Talmud su Levitico 25:5

Rebbi Ammi asked before Rebbi Joḥanan: Does our Mishnah go back to the time before they decreed about spontaneous growth³⁴Lev. 25:5 reads: “The spontaneous growth of your grain you should not harvest …” On this, Sifra Behar1(3) comments: From here the Sages found support to forbid spontaneous growth in the Sabbatical. The verse forbids only commercial harvest of grain. R. Ammi notes that the leaves of Arum whose roots were in the earth long before the Sabbatical must have the status of spontaneous growth of vegetable.? He said to him, where you there on the upper floor³⁵In all cases where details of the enactment of rabbinical prohibitions have come down to us, the vote was taken on the upper floor of some house. R. Joḥanan notes that no record of such a vote is available.? Rebbi Ammi inferred that the prohibition of spontaneous growth is from the Torah³⁶The different positions in this matter will be described in Chapter Nine..

Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Yannai: A tree planted inside a house is obligated for ‘orlah⁹⁰Nowhere is “field” mentioned in the verses defining ‘orlah. but free from tithes since it is written (Deut. 14:22): “You shall certainly tithe all yield of your seeds which comes from the field.” For the Sabbatical it is problematic⁹¹Whether the Sabbatical restrictions apply to fruit-bearing house plants. since it is written (Lev. 25:5): “The Land shall celebrate a Sabbath for the Eternal.” And it is written (Lev. 25:6): “You shall not sow your field nor prune your vineyard.”

HALAKHAH: It is written⁸⁷Sifra Behar Pereq 1(3), in slightly different wording. (Lev. 25:5) “The aftergrowth of your harvest you should not reap.” That means, not in the way of reapers⁸⁸As Maimonides explains, since Sabbatical produce is for everybody to eat, the verse cannot mean that one may not reap grain or gather grapes at all. Therefore, it must mean that professional harvesting in all its aspects is forbidden.. Rebbi La said, if it cannot refer to forbidden aftergrowth⁸⁹Since aftergrowth is forbidden only by rabbinic ordinance, the verse cannot refer to forbidden aftergrowth., take it to refer to permitted aftergrowth. Rebbi Mana said, it is needed for itself when it grew by itself⁹⁰One should not say that the prohibition of professional harvesting applies only to aftergrowth on a field that was planted for the same crop the previous year. If the plants appear at other places, which really is spontaneous growth, they still fall under the same rule.. You should not say that since it grew by itself it is permitted; therefore it was necessary to say that it is forbidden. “The aftergrowth of your harvest you should not reap and the grapes of your wild growth you should not process into wine.⁹¹Not only collecting the grapes but the entire processing of the harvest, ending with the production of wine.” You may not harvest grapes from what is being watched over on the land, but you may gather grapes from what is abandoned. “You should not process into wine,” not in the way of vintners. From here, they said that “one does not cut Sabbatical figs with the fig-knife but he may cut with a dagger. One does not tread grapes in the wine press but he may tread in a trough. One does not work olives in the oil press and with a roller.” Our teachers permitted to use a roller⁹²Since this is used only for small quantities of grapes in the other years of the Sabbatical cycle. The Tosephta (6:27) spells out that “our teachers” are Rabban Gamliel (III, the son of Rebbi) and his academy..