Talmud su Salmi 122:8

Rebbi Simeon bar Laqish said, flesh and blood has a relative. If he is rich, he acknowledges him. If he is poor, he disawovs him. But the Holy One, praise to Him, is not like this; even if Israel is in deepest distress, He calls them My brothers and My friends. What is the reason (Ps. 122:8): “For My brothers and friends.” Rebbi Abun, Rebbi Aḥa, and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: flesh and blood has a relative. If he is a philosopher, he says: “This X is related to us.” But the Holy One, praise to Him, calls all of Israel relatives; that is what is written (Ps. 148:14): “He raises the fortunes of His people.⁶²While there are numerous verses declaring Israel as His people, it belongs to the style of a sermon to close with a verse promising a better future. The quote may indicate that עם should be translated as “relative”; this is the meaning attributed to the root in theophorous names.”

‘He is called friend’ of the Divine Presence,⁸⁶Midrash Rabbah, Exodus, XXVII, 1 (Sonc. ed., p. 321): ‘Thine own friend (Prov. 27, 10) is the Holy One, blessed be He’. as it is written. For my brethren and companions’ sakes, I will now say: Peace be within thee.⁸⁷Ps. 122, 8. ‘Beloved’, as it is written, I love them that love me, and those that seek me earnestly shall find me.⁸⁸Prov. 8, 17. ‘One who gladdens the All-present and his fellow-creatures’: This teaches that a man should appear justified before his fellow-creatures as well as before the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written, Then ye shall be clear before the Lord, and before Israel.⁸⁹Num. 32, 22. ‘Gladden the All-present’: as it is written, Behold, this is the joy of his way.⁹⁰Job 8, 19 interpreted of God. [‘Gladden] his fellow-creatures’: as it is written, Israel, in whom I will be glorified.⁹¹Isa. 49, 3.
‘It clothes him with meekness’: Who taught this? R. Joshua b. Levi who said:⁹²Cf. ‘A.Z. 20b (Sonc. ed., p. 107). Meekness is the greatest of them all. Since the last part reads ‘R. Joshua b. Levi said’, it must be deduced that the first part is not by R. Joshua b. Levi! Something is missing in the Baraitha and read it as follows: ‘[Meekness is] the greatest of them all, and further said R. Joshua b. Levi’. But perhaps the author of the statement is R. Meir? We do not find anywhere that R. Meir said, ‘Reverence is best’.⁹³The word ‘reverence’ seems to be an error for ‘meekness’, otherwise the answer is unintelligible. [Because in the Baraitha ‘reverence’ is linked with ‘meekness’, the answer may be that since R. Meir nowhere makes the statement with respect to the first, it cannot be his statement.]
‘It fits him to be righteous, pious’, etc. What is meant by ‘righteous’ and what by ‘pious’? ‘Righteous’ is one who does right actions; ‘pious’ is one who practises acts of loving-kindness. Since [the Baraitha] cites these [virtues], why does it mention ‘upright [and faithful]’? ‘Upright’ means one who is upright in his ways, ‘faithful’ denotes one who is faithful in spirit.
‘It keeps him far from sin’: even from the sin of others. ‘And brings him near to merit’: even the merit of others. ‘From him men enjoy sound knowledge’: What is meant by tushiyyah? The Torah. And why is it called tushiyyah? Because it weakens the strength of a man⁹⁴Cf. Sanh. 26b (Sonc. ed., p. 155) where the word is derived from the root תשש, ‘to weaken’. [through his constant study of it]. Another explanation: Because it was given in secret on account of Saṭan.⁹⁵Cf. Sanh. loc. cit. Saṭan opposed the Torah being given to Moses because he argued that the Israelites would later violate it by worshipping the Golden Calf. Cf. Shab. 89a, Tosafoth s.v. Torah quoting a Midrash. Another explanation: Because it is composed of chaotic matter which is the foundation of the world.⁹⁶תושיה is taken to be a combination of תו, i.e. תהו, ‘chaos’ and שיה, equated with שתיה, ‘foundation’.