Talmud su Zaccaria 14:78

HALAKHAH: “With what may an animal go out and with what may it not go out,” etc. ¹⁷Babli 51b,52a. Tosephta 4:1 (ed. Liebermann).“Rebbi Ismael ben Rebbi Yose stated in his father’s name: Four kinds of animals are drawn by the bridle^17aFarsi افسار.: the horse, and the mule, the camel, and the donkey.” Rebbi Ḥizqiah said, and its sign, so will be the plague of the horse, the mule, the camel, and the donkey^17bZech. 14:15., Rav said, practice follows Rebbi Ismael ben Rebbi Yose¹⁸All these animals may be led out on the Sabbath by their bridle..

It is written⁶⁰Sach. 14:8., on that day, fresh water will flow out from Jerusalem, etc. It was stated: From the Holiest of Holies to the gobelins like the feelers of silai and bilai⁶¹These seem to be tiny insects, not further identified.. From the gobelins to the golden altar like the horns of locusts. From the golden altar to the courtyards like a shut-thread, from the courtyards to the threshold of the Temple like woof-thread, from there onwards like the pouring from a jug: behold, water drizzled from the right hand side⁶²Ez. 47:2. (Yoma77b–78a).. It is written⁶³Ez. 47:3–5. Tosephta Sukkah3:3–7., when the man left towards the East, with a measuring rod in his hand, he measured a thousand cubits and made me cross the water, ankle water. Up to his ankles. Then he measured another thousand cubits and made me cross the water, knee water. Up to his knees. Then he measured another thousand cubits and made me cross the water, hip water. Up to his hips. From there on, then he measured another thousand, a river which cannot be crossed. Even a large Liburnian⁶⁴Latin liburna(sc. navis), the standard fast commercial sail ship. could not cross it. What is the reason? No mighty ship may cross it⁶⁵Is.33:21.; why? The water was high, swimming water⁶⁶Ez. 47:5. The word has to be explained since in common usage שיט, not שחה, was used for “to swim”.. What is “swimming water”? Where one swims. Rebbi Ḥuna said, in our place one calls the swimmer seḥuna. He moves his hands in himself, as a swimmer would move to swim⁶⁷Is. 25:11.. What means “to swim”? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, in unruly water⁶⁸Explanation of the verse; the movements referred to are those of a desperate person.. It is written⁶⁹Sach. 13:1. It is presumed that the prophesies of Ezechiel and Sachariah refer to the same matter and one may be used to explain to other.: On this day, a water-source will be opened for the House of David and the dwellers in Jerusalem, for purification and impurity. Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: From the House of David⁷⁰The Temple. to the dwellers in Jerusalem it is qualified for impurity and purification⁷¹“Purification” here means water with ashes of the Red Cow, used to purify from the impurity of the dead, which in Num. 19:9 is called “purification”.. Farther away it is mixed water, qualified for impurity but disqualified for purification⁷²Only spring water is qualified as “purification,” Num. 19:17. All other impurities are removed by immersion in a miqweh, which may contain any kind of water, including rain water.. Rebbi Eleazar said, from the House of David to the dwellers in Jerusalem it is qualified for impurity and purification. Farther away it is water running down⁷³Greek καταφερής, -ές adj. “inclines downwards”, used in the sense of “rapidly flowing water”., disqualified for impurity⁷⁴Since a miqweh is a “collection” of water, it cannot be a waterfall (or any shower). The same holds for rapidly flowing water; Mishnah Ṭahorot8:9. and purification.

Elijah, may he be well remembered⁹⁹This is the regular honorific given to Elijah when he is mentioned in his dealings with men. One cannot say “his remembrance for a blessing” as is done for people who died, since he did not die., asked Rebbi Nehorai¹⁰⁰A student of Rebbis Joshua and Tarphon, of the fourth generation of Tannaïm; his statements are mostly aggadic.: Why do earthquakes occur in the world? He said to him, because of sin concerning heave and tithes. One verse says (Deut. 11:12): The eyes of the Eternal, your God, are permanently on it. Another verse says (Ps. 104:32): He who gazes on the Earth and it trembles, He touches mountains and they smoke. How can these two verses coexist? If Israel fulfill the will of the Omnipresent and separate their tithes following the rules, “the eyes of the Eternal, your God, are permanently on it from the start to the end of the year” and they will not be hurt by anything. If Israel do not fulfill the will of the Omnipresent and do not separate their tithes following the rules, “He gazes on the Earth and it trembles.” He said to him, my son, that is the reasonable explanation. But the main thing is that if the Holy One, praise to Him, sees theatres and circuses existing in safety and quiet, but His temple is destroyed, He is menacing¹⁰¹Greek ἀπειλῶν. His world to destroy it; that is what is written (Jer. 25:30): “He will roar on His Place,” about His place. Rebbi Aḥa¹⁰²This shows that in homilies, precedents (even from such an authority as the prophet Elijah) do not count. said, because of homosexual activity. The Holy One, praise to Him, said: You made your member tremble for something that is not for you; by your life, I shall make My world tremble because of that man. But the rabbis said, because of quarrels (Zach. 14:5): “You will flee by the valley of the mountains, for the valley of the mountains will reach Aẓel¹⁰³The relevant part of the verse is the one not quoted: “You shall flee as you fled because of the earthquake in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah.” Uzziah quarreled with the priests and wanted to usurp their functions in the Temple. The earthquake was on that day, when Isaiah saw the Seraphim flying in the Temple (Seder Olam Chap. 20)..” Rebbi Samuel said, an earthquake presages a change of government, as one says (Jer. 51:29): “The earth quaked and trembled,” why? “for the intentions of the Eternal overtake Babylon.”

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: It is written, on that day will all shadow of horses be holy¹⁵³Zach. 14:20. Cf. Babli 50a. etc.; to the place where the horse runs without having a shadow¹⁵⁴The future size of the suburbs of Jerusalem will be as far as a horse can run outside the walls of Jerusalem during noontime at the summer solstice when it casts no shadow (Rashi in the Babli, explanation by R. Makhir.).

Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar would say: Afflictions come upon those who speak slanderously. This is what you see with Gehazi, who slandered his teacher and was afflicted with a skin disease that clung to him until the day he died, as it says (II Kings 5:27), “May the skin disease of Na’aman cling to you…and he left him, and he was flaky like the snow.”
He would also say: Afflictions come upon the arrogant. This is what we find with Uzziah, as it says (II Chronicles 26:16–19), “And when [King Uzziah] became strong, his heart became so proud that he became corrupt, and trespassed against the Eternal [his God by entering the Temple of the Eternal to offer incense on the altar. And after him came] the priest Azariah, with eighty other brave priests of the Eternal. They stood up against King Uzziahand said to him: It is not for you, Uzziah, to offer incense to the Eternal, but for the priests, who are the descendants of Aaron, who have been consecrated, to offer incense. Get out of the Sanctuary, for you have trespassed, and there will no glory for you from the Eternal God. Uzziah, holding the incense lighter, became angry; but as he became angry with the priests, a skin disease broke out on his forehead.” At that moment, the Temple split apart into two halves, twelve miles apart. The priests, panicking, rushed to get out, “and he, too, rushed to get out, for the Eternal had afflicted him. And he was a leper until the day he died. He stayed in isolated quarters, as a leper, and he was cut off from the House of the Eternal, while Jotham his son was put in charge of the king’s house, and governed the people of the land” (II Chronicles 26:20–21).

The Divine Presence descended to the world ten times. Once in the Garden of Eden, as it says (Genesis 3:8), “They heard the sound of the Eternal God moving in the garden,” and it [also] says (Song of Songs 6:2), “My beloved has gone down to his garden.” Once in the generation of the Tower of Babel, as it says (Genesis 11:5), “And the Eternal went down to see the city and the tower.” Once in Sodom, as it says (Genesis 18:21), “I will go down and I will see about the cries that have come up to Me.” Once in Egypt, as it says (Exodus 3:8), “I have come down to save them from the hands of the Egyptians.” Once at the sea, as it says (Psalms 18:10), “And He bent the heavens and came down.” Once at Sinai, as it says (Exodus 19:20), “And the Eternal came down upon Mount Sinai” before all the people. Once in the Temple, as it says (Ezekiel 44:2), “And the Eternal said to me, this gate must be kept closed and is never to be opened…because the Eternal, the God of Israel, has come through it.” And once in a pillar of cloud, as it says (Numbers 11:25), “And the Eternal came down in a cloud.” And once more in the future, in the days of Gog and Magog, as its says (Zechariah 14:4), “He will set his feet down, on that day, upon the Mount of Olives.”

Ten entities are considered truly “alive.” 1. The Holy Blessed One, as it says (Jeremiah 10:10), “The Eternal is truly God; He is a living God.” 2. The Torah is called a Living Torah, as it says (Proverbs 3:18), “It is a Tree of Life for those who hold fast to it, and all its supporters are happy.” 3. Israel are called Alive, as it says (Deuteronomy 4:41), “And you, who cling to the Eternal your God, you are all alive today.” 4. A righteous person is called Life, as it says (Proverbs 11:30), “The fruit of the righteous is the Tree of Life.” 5. The Garden of Eden is called Living, ([as it says (Psalms 116:9), “I will walk before the Eternal in the land of the living.” 6. One of the trees in the Garden was called the Tree of Life,]) as it says (Genesis 2:9), “and the Tree of Life in the midst of the Garden. 7. The Land of Israel is called the Land of the Living, as it says (Ezekiel 26:20), “I will place radiance in the land of the living.” (Jerusalem is called Living, as it says [Psalms 116:9)], “I will walk before the Eternal in the land of the living.”) 8. Acts of kindness are called Life, as it says (Psalms 63:4), “For Your kindness is better than life; my lips will praise You.” 9. A wise person is called Life, as it says (Proverbs 13:14), “The Torah of the wise is the source of life.” 10. Water is called Living, as it says (Zechariah 14:8), “On that day, living waters will come forth from Jerusalem.”