Tosefta su Levitico 19:78

A man shouldn't marry a wife until his niece is grown up or until he finds someone appropriate for him, as it is said, "The land was full of lust" (Vayikra 19:29). "It is lust" (Vayikra 20:14). Rabbi Eliezer says: This is a single man who has sex with a single woman not for the sake of marriage. Rabbi Eliezer said: From where do we know that he [the single man from the previous statement] is punished before God like the one who has sex with a woman and her mother? It is said here "Lust" and it is said there "A man who marries a woman and her mother—it is lust" (Vayikra 20:14). Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov says: Because he has sex with many women and it is not known with which he has had sex; and she receives it from many men and it is not known from which of them she received it—it turns out that this man marries his daughter, this one marries his sister, and all of the world will be bastards. That's why it is said, "The earth will be full of lust" (zimah)—this one, what is he (zeh mah hu)? He is not a kohen, levi or Yisrael (sic! placement of this line based on Ehrfurt manuscript and the derash of זימה = זה מה). Rabbi Yehudah (sic! based on Ehrfurt manuscript) says: Behold it says "Do not prostitute the land" (Vayikra 19:29)—the produce degenerates. The Hakhamim decided by majority to support Rabbi Yehudah (sic!): "Lift your eyes to the lowlands and see where you have not been ravished... and the rains have been withheld" (Yirmiyahu 3:2-3) [i.e. your sexual immorality directly causes the rains to stop and the produce to degenerate].

Said Rabbi Shimon, because of four things the Torah said not to give a person Peah except at the end of his field: [First,] due to theft by the poor; and [second,] due to waste by the poor; and [third,] for appearance's sake; [and fourth,] due to the deceivers. Due to theft by the poor -- how so? That they will not see a time that there isn't someone there [guarding the field], and he [?] will say to the poor person, "Come and take Peah." Due to waste by the poor -- how so? That there will not be poor people and sit around and watch the whole day and say, "Now give [us] Peah!" whereas when Peah is given at the end, he goes [about his business] and does his work, [and then] he comes and takes it at the end. For appearance's sake -- how so? They will be there and pass through and say that they saw so-and-so that harvested the field, and did not give from it Peah, that behold the Torah said (Lev. 19:9), "you are not to finish [to the] edge of your field in harvesting." Due to deceivers -- how so? That they will not say, "We already gave [Peah]." Or another version, that [the homeowner] will not leave the good and give the bad.

And what is the difference between a zov and an emission of seed (Lev. 19:20, "שכבת זרע")? Zov comes from "dead flesh" (i.e., a flaccid penis, see Niddah 35b:5, Steinsaltz tr.), and an emission of seed comes from "live flesh" (i.e., an erect penis). Zov is runny, and similar to the white of an unfertilized egg. And an emission of seed is viscous, and is similar in appearance to the white of an egg that is not unfertilized. An emission of seed is reddish and the woman may attribute [a bloodstain on her clothes] to it (see Niddah 8:2).

The ways in which he is like men: He imparts impurity with white discharge like men. He marries but is not married (נישא not נושא), like men. And he may not seclude himself with women, like men. And he is not provided sustenance (ניזון not נתזן) along with [a person's] daughters, like men. And he does not [permit himself to] become impure by the dead, like men (i.e., male priests). He is subject to transgressing the prohibition against "rounding off [the corners of the head]" (Lev. 19:27) and [if he is a priest] he is subject to transgressing the prohibition against "defiling oneself with the dead" (Lev. 21:1), like men, and he is liable for performing all the commandments in the Torah, like men.

[There are] four gifts [for the poor] from the vineyards: Peret (i.e., grapes that fall during harvesting, see Lev. 19:10, Peah 7:3), forgotten sheaves (Deut. 24:19), peah (Lev. 23:22), and olelet (i.e., defective clusters, see Lev. 19:10, Peah 7:4). [There are] three [gifts for the poor] from field-produce: Gleanings (Lev. 19:9), forgotten sheaves, and peah. [There are] two [gifts for the poor] from fruit trees: forgotten sheaves and peah. [And as to] all of these, they should not [be given as] a favor, and [others] can even take [gifts for the poor given as a favor] from a Jewish poor person from his hand (i.e., since it does not lawfully belong to him in the first place). And [as to] the remainder of the priestly gifts, such as the shankbone and the jawbone and the rough-stomach (see Deut. 18:3), these may be [given as] a favor. And we give [these] to every Kohen that desires [them].

[There are] four gifts [for the poor] from the vineyards: Peret (i.e., grapes that fall during harvesting, see Lev. 19:10, Peah 7:3), forgotten sheaves (Deut. 24:19), peah (Lev. 23:22), and olelet (i.e., defective clusters, see Lev. 19:10, Peah 7:4). [There are] three [gifts for the poor] from field-produce: Gleanings (Lev. 19:9), forgotten sheaves, and peah. [There are] two [gifts for the poor] from fruit trees: forgotten sheaves and peah. [And as to] all of these, they should not [be given as] a favor, and [others] can even take [gifts for the poor given as a favor] from a Jewish poor person from his hand (i.e., since it does not lawfully belong to him in the first place). And [as to] the remainder of the priestly gifts, such as the shankbone and the jawbone and the rough-stomach (see Deut. 18:3), these may be [given as] a favor. And we give [these] to every Kohen that desires [them].

What is "leket" (=gleanings)? That which falls down at the time of harvesting or of plucking (cf. Peah 4:10). Rabbi Yosei says, "There are no gleanings but that which falls down at the time of harvesting only," as it says (Lev. 19:10), "[you shall not] gather the gleanings ("leket") of your harvest."

What is "leket" (=gleanings)? That which falls down at the time of harvesting or of plucking (cf. Peah 4:10). Rabbi Yosei says, "There are no gleanings but that which falls down at the time of harvesting only," as it says (Lev. 19:10), "[you shall not] gather the gleanings ("leket") of your harvest."

A Jewish Priest [can] eat with a Samaritan Priest when [the food is] made in [a state of] impurity, but when [it is] made in [a state of] purity, behold, he does not eat it with him, because he feeds him the meat of an unblemished first-born [calf], and has him drink wine from a [ritually] pure fourth[-year vineyard]. [See Deut. 15:22 and Lev. 19:24, and discussions at Bekh. 5:2 (also Bekh. 32b:10) re: first-born calf, and Ter. 3:9 and Y. Peah VII.5.2 re: fourth-year vineyard.]

[Continuing on the theme of respect for elders,] what is the "rising" (kimah) of which the Torah spoke (Lev. 19:32), "Before the elderly you shall 'rise' (takum)"? [It means that one should] rise before [the elderly who are] within four amot. What is the "deference" (ha'dor) of which the Torah spoke (ibid.), "...and show 'deference' (v'hadarta) before the aged ones"? [It means that one does] not stand in his place (i.e., the place where the aged one normally stands), and does not speak in his place, and does not contradict his words. [Rather,] treat him with reverence and fear, whether in business dealings, when you enter [a place], and when you leave [a place]. And they take precedence over every person, as it is says (Deut. 1:15), "And I appointed them (i.e., wise and knowledgeable men) as leaders over you." § [Related to matters of respect,] one who goes out to war should dig a hole [to defecate in], and turn one's back, and cover it up, as it says (Deut. 23:14), "and you shall dig with it (i.e., with a spade), and you shall turn your back [to defecate], etc." One who relieves himself (="המסיך את רגליו", see Judges 3:24) faces the people, and one who urinates does so with his back to the Holy. Said Rabbi Yosei, to what case does this refer? From [Mount] Scopus and closer [to the Temple], but from [Mount] Scopus and further, there is no need.

A Gentile who was shouting, and said "Come and buy for yourselves! This is produce from newly broken land (=עזק, see Jastrow)! This is uncircumcised fruit (Lev. 19:23)! This is fourth-year fruit (Lev. 19:24)!" he is not to be trusted, because he is like one who praises [מקחו], but if he says "This is from such-and-such Samaritan," [or] "I bought this from such-and-such Gentile," [or] "This comes from my own," he is trusted to be stringent, the words of Rebbi. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says, "We do not trust him, as the words of a Gentile make no difference (lit., do not go up and do not go down)."

A Gentile who was shouting, and said "Come and buy for yourselves! This is produce from newly broken land (=עזק, see Jastrow)! This is uncircumcised fruit (Lev. 19:23)! This is fourth-year fruit (Lev. 19:24)!" he is not to be trusted, because he is like one who praises [מקחו], but if he says "This is from such-and-such Samaritan," [or] "I bought this from such-and-such Gentile," [or] "This comes from my own," he is trusted to be stringent, the words of Rebbi. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says, "We do not trust him, as the words of a Gentile make no difference (lit., do not go up and do not go down)."