민수기 30:6 해설: Rashi, Bartenura, Sforno & Tur HaArokh

ואם הניא אביה אתה BUT IF HER FATHER DISALLOWED HER — The Hebrew signifies, “if he withholds her” from the vow, that is to say, that he annuls it for her. I would not know what this expression הניא, “withholding”, implies (i.e., how he withholds her) — but when it states, (v. 9) “But if on the day that he hears, he withholds her and annuls [her vows]”, one must admit that “the withholding” consists in “annulling the vow” (i.e. in exclaiming מופר לך) (Sifrei Bamidbar 153:6). But still the plain meaning is that it is a term for “withholding” and “removing” (and the word והפר only shows how and by what means she is to be withheld from keeping her vow); and similar is (Numbers 32:7): “And wherefore do you remove (תניאון) [the heart of the children of Israel from the idea of passing over the land]”; and so, too, (Psalms 141:5): “Oil so choice, let not my head turn away (יניא), and similar, also, (Numbers 14:34): “And ye shall know My turning aside (תנואתי)” — i.e. ye shall know that ye have turned aside from Me.

"And the Lord will forgive her": What is the text speaking about? It refers to a woman who vowed to become a Nazirite, and her husband heard and annulled it, etc. It is difficult to understand what relevance her husband has here, as the verse speaks about her father. One could say that since this phrase "the Lord will forgive her" is written both regarding the father and the husband, Rashi interprets it concerning a betrothed woman whose vows are annulled by both her father and her fiancé. It cannot be said that her father annulled it and she did not know because she lives in his house, if the text is speaking about a young woman. Similarly, if it is speaking about a married woman, it cannot be said that her husband annulled it and she did not know because she lives in his house. Therefore, it seems that the text speaks about a betrothed woman who lives in her father's house and vowed to become a Nazirite. Her husband heard and annulled it, and she did not know because she does not live in his house. She knows the law that her father and fiancé must annul her vows, and she is aware of her father's annulment but unaware of her fiancé's annulment. Thus, she transgresses her vow, etc. Therefore, this phrase is written regarding all annulments, whether by the father or the husband, as I have explained.

וה' יסלח לה, for having made a vow which it was not in her power to fulfill

וה' יסלח לה AND THE LORD SHALL FORGIVE HER — Of what is Scripture here speaking? Of a woman who, e.g., vowed that she would become a Nazarite, and whose father heard it and annulled it for her, but she knew it not, and transgressed her vow and drank wine or made herself unclean by means of a corpse. It is such a woman who requires forgiveness even though it (her vow) has been annulled. — And if those whose vows have been annulled require forgiveness in such a case, how much more is this so for those whose vows have not been annulled and have been transgressed! (Sifrei Bamidbar 153:6; cf. Kiddushin 81b).