신명기 32:19의 주석

[AND THE ETERNAL SAW, AND SPURNED,] BECAUSE OF THE PROVOKING OF HIS SONS AND HIS DAUGHTERS. Scripture uncustomarily mentions here “the daughters” — for just as he said above lo banav⁶⁵Above, Verse 5. [which although literally means “not His sons,” it is yet the custom of Scripture to use it for sons and daughters, rather than specify daughters separately], and so also wherever he mentions banim (sons) the daughters are included. [Why then does the verse before us make special reference to His daughters?] But this phrase is among his [Moses’] allusions, for, in the generation of the destruction [of the First Temple], the wickedness of the women and their sin would be very great because they provoked G-d. They were especially attached to the idols, and it was they who enticed the men to worship them, as is made clear in the words of Jeremiah, Then all the men who knew that their wives offered unto other gods, and all the women that stood by, a great assembly.⁶⁶Jeremiah 44:15. It was they [the women] who were impudent against the prophet, saying to him, But we will certainly perform every word that is gone forth out of our mouth, to offer unto the queen of heaven.⁶⁷Ibid., Verse 17. And it is further written there, in that ye provoke Me with the works of your hands, offering unto other gods,⁶⁸Ibid., Verse 8. and again it is stated, Have ye forgotten the wicked deeds of your fathers, and the wicked deeds of the kings of Judah, and the wicked deeds of their wives?⁶⁹Ibid., Verse 9. And in the Book of Ezekiel it is further stated, He said also unto me: ‘Thou shalt again see yet greater abominations which they do.’ Then he brought me to the door of the gate of the Eternal’s House, which was toward the north; and, behold, there sat the women weeping for Tammuz.⁷⁰Ezekiel 8:13-14. Ezekiel was a contemporary of Jeremiah whose prophetic activity was in Babylon.

וינאץ מכעס בניו ובנותיו, after He had failed to make you attain your perfection while on your own land, He chose a third route, namely to refine your character while you were in exile; by doing this He appeared to despise His sons and His daughters, and did not display mercy on their children nor respect the dignity of their daughters.

בניו ובנותיו, בנים לא אמון בם. We explained this already on verse 5 where we understood it as a reference to Israel’s character flaw of disloyalty.

מכעס בניו ובנותיו, “by the anger aroused in Him by His sons and daughters.” Nachmanides writes that the reason why we suddenly find the Jewish women mentioned separately, is that in the last generation, the one during which the destruction of the Temple would occur, the Jewish women would be exceptionally wicked in their deeds. Their deeds (misdeeds) would greatly inflame G’d’s anger. As a result of their devotion to cults, they would seduce their husbands, something documented in the Book of Jeremiah, chapter 44.

מכעס בניו ובנותיו, “by the anger caused by His sons and daughters.” This was an allusion to the first Temple when both men and women practiced idolatry as we know from Jeremiah 44,9: “have you forgotten the wicked acts of your forefathers, of the kings of Yehudah and their wives?” We have another verse relating to his subject in Ezekiel 8,14: “next He brought me to the entrance of the north-gate of the House of the Lord and there sat the women bewailing Tammuz.” (a Babylonian god). This is why our verse lists “His sons and His daughters,” separately.

VV. 19 u. 20. וירא ד׳ וגו׳ (siehe Kap. 31, 17 u. 18, 19). Das sah Gott usw. und darum sprach Er ׳אסתירה וגו. Wenn du in der Wucht der Leiden darüber klagst, dass Gottes Beistand sich nicht mehr wie früher in deiner Mitte zeigt, so hast du hier die Antwort.

וינאץ (siehe Bamidbar 14, 11). Er fühlte sich durch nichts mehr gehalten, sah nichts mehr seines Bleibens würdig (vergl. Jirm. 33, 23). ואת עמי ינאצון מהיות עוד גוי לפניהם, und mein Volk halten sie nicht mehr würdig, oder erklären sie nicht mehr würdig, nach ihrer Ansicht ein Volk ferner zu sein.

ויאמר אסתירה וגו׳. Sie glauben Meiner und Meines Beistandes entraten zu können, mögen sie einmal erfahren, wohin sie ohne mich geraten. אסתירה פני מהם, will ihnen meine besondere Fürsorge nicht mehr sichtbar werden lassen. כי דור תהפכות המה, sie sind ein Geschlecht voller Wandlungen, sie wechseln rasch ihre Gesinnungen, gehen rasch von einer Stimmung zum Gegenteil über. Im Leid suchen sie mich, und ist ihnen geholfen, vergessen sie Mich.