출애굽기 2:21의 주석
וַיּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֛ן אֶת־צִפֹּרָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְמֹשֶֽׁה׃
모세가 그와 동거하기를 기뻐하매 그가 그 딸 십보라를 모세에게 주었더니
Rashi on Exodus
ויואל — Translate this as the Targum does: AND HE WAS WILLING. Similar are: (Judges 19:6) “Be content (הואל), I pray thee, and tarry all night”; (Joshua 7:7) “would that we had been content (הואלנו)”; (Genesis 18:31) “I am content (הואלתי) to speak”. A Midrashic explanation is that it has the sense of taking an oath (אלה), so that it should be rendered, “And Moses pledged himself by an oath to remain with the man” — he swore to him that he would not stir from Midian save by his permission (cf. Exodus 4:18) (Nedarim 65a).
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Sforno on Exodus
לשבת את האיש, to tend his flocks, a similar construction to Lavan inviting Yaakov to stay with him in Genesis 29,19.
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Or HaChaim on Exodus
ויתן את צפורה בתו למשה. He gave his daughter Tziporah to Moses. The reason the Torah repeats Moses' name in this verse, when it could have simply written: "he gave her to him," is that Tziporah was the divinely appointed wife for Moses, his בת זוג.
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Siftei Chakhamim
I have agreed to speak ( הואלתי לדבר ). We must say that Rashi is bringing his proof [that ויואל means “I have agreed”] from the second instance that הואלתי appears in Parshas Vayeira (Bereishis 18:31). For הואלתי appears there twice, and the first הואלתי (ibid v. 27) does not mean “I have agreed,” rather “I have begun,” as Rashi explains there.
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Rav Hirsch on Torah
V. 21. הואיל משה באר .ויואל משה (Dewarim 1, 5) — ויואל שאול את העם (Sam. 1. 14, 24) — נואלו שרי צוען (Jes. 19, 13). Wurzel: יאל verwandt mit יחל יעל. יעל: nützlich sein, gefördert sein, gedeihen. יאל: der Anfang zur Förderung einer Sache; erster Entschluss zu einem Unternehmen, dessen Fortgang dann durch יעל ausgedrückt wird. Daher ויואל: er fasste den Entschluss. יחל ist das Innehalten eines schon im Anfange begriffenen Beginnens: warten. Daher auch הואיל: veranlassen, dass jemand den Entschluss zu etwas fasst, oder: machen, dass in uns ein solcher Entschluss zur Reife kommt, sich anschicken, etwas zu tun. ויואל שאול braucht daher nicht regelwidrig von אלה Schwur zu sein, sondern: er brachte das Volk dazu, den Vorsatz zu fassen. נואל, Niphal, würde dann — (ebenso wie: ושנתו נהיתה עליו (Daniel 2, 1) sein Schlaf wurde in seinem Dasein getroffen, d.h. gestört; נוחלה אבדה תקותה (Ezech. 19, 5): sie ward in ihrer Erwartung gestört, wo überall durch die passive Form die Passivität, das Gehemmt- und Gehindertwerden ausgedrückt wird), — das Gestört-, Gehemmtsein in Entschlüssen ausdrücken, ratlos sein, sich nicht zu entschließen wissen. אשר נואנו (Bamidbar 12, 11): wozu wir ohne vorgängige gehörige Überlegung, ohne eigentlichen Vorsatz gekommen sind.
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Chizkuni
ויתן את צפורה בתו למשה, “He gave his daughter Tzipporah to Moses (as a wife.)” What is the significance of the name “Tzipporah?” She had run towards Moses like a bird (צפור) An alternate interpretation: she was beautiful as the morning at the time of sunrise. She lit up the atmosphere in the morning. The Aramaic word צפרא means: “morning;” it is used to describe how welcome the morning is. Our author quotes Ezekiel 7,7 “the day is near,” as well as Judges 7,3: as a bird flies from Mount Gilad,” to support his point.
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