출애굽기 38:24의 주석
כָּל־הַזָּהָ֗ב הֶֽעָשׂוּי֙ לַמְּלָאכָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַיְהִ֣י ׀ זְהַ֣ב הַתְּנוּפָ֗ה תֵּ֤שַׁע וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ כִּכָּ֔ר וּשְׁבַ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃
성소 건축 비용으로 드린 금은 성소의 세겔대로 이십구 달란트와 칠백삼십 세겔이며
Rashi on Exodus
ככר [TWENTY NINE] TALENTS — A common kikkar contains sixty common manehs, and the maneh of the Sanctuary (that used for purposes connected with the Temple) was double the common maneh. Consequently the kikkar here mentioned was 120 common manehs. Now a common maneh contained 25 Sela’im (or shekels), and the kikkar of the Sanctuary equals three thousand shekels. That is why Scripture counts (mentions the number of) all the shekels that are fewer than 3,000 as a separate item, because these do not together amount to a kikkar (cf. Bekhorot 5a).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Sforno on Exodus
כל הזהב, the Torah testifies that the contributions of gold, silver, and copper for the building of the Tabernacle were miniscule in value when compared to the amount of such precious metals which were used in the building of Solomon’s Temple. We read there in Kings I 6, 20-35 and Kings I 7, 45-50 about the opulence of that structure. Compared to the restoration of the second Temple in the days of Herod, even Solomon’s Temple could be considered a poor attempt at impressing the world with the Jewish people’s wealth. Notwithstanding all the material wealth invested in both Solomon’s Temple and that of Herod, Moses’ Tabernacle, a collapsible structure, enjoyed far more of G’d’s presence than the Temple Solomon built, not to speak of the second Temple in which the Presence of G’d was never manifest. All of these historical facts teach us that material wealth, even if donated generously, is not a major factor in the success of a Temple dedicated to house the Presence of G’d on earth. G’d’s presence in such a Temple depends on His approval of the lifestyle of the Jews who have built such a Temple for Him.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Or HaChaim on Exodus
כל הזהב העשוי למלאכה, All the gold used in the construction, etc. The words ויהי זהב התנופה in this verse seem superfluous or at least not in their proper place. The words כל הזהב העשוי do not seem to fit at all. Perhaps the Torah wishes to underline that of all the gold handed over to the various artisans not an ounce remained unaccounted for; it was all used up in the construction of the vessels which were to be made of gold. The whole verse then is testimony to the integrity of the artisans employed in fashioning all the parts made of gold. The words בכל מלאכת הקודש mean that all the gold was used up in the construction of the sacred vessels.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Siftei Chakhamim
The maneh associated with the Sanctuary was double. . . Rashi is answering the question: If the maneh was not double, and the kikar was only sixty maneh, and a maneh equals twenty-five selaim (shekalim), then there would be 201 kikar [of silver, yet the following verse says there was only half that amount]. This is because there were 301,775 whole shekalim. And 1,500 shekalim equal a kikar. This is because ten maneh equal 250 shekalim, and twenty maneh equal 500 shekalim. According to this reckoning, sixty maneh equal 1,500 shekalim. Thus, ten kikar would equal 15,000 shekalim, and one hundred kikar would equal 150,000 shekalim. So according to this reckoning there should be 201 kikar. Rashi answers that the maneh of the Sanctuary was double the weight of the common maneh. Therefore, 3,000 shekalim equal one kikar, and one hundred kikar equal 300,000 shekalim.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rav Hirsch on Torah
V. 24. כל הזהב העשוי למלאכה בכל מלאכת הקדש erscheint als ein abgerissener Satzteil, da mit dem folgenden ויהי וגו׳ ein neuer vollständiger Satz beginnt. Nach der gewöhnlichen Auffassung des V. 21, der zufolge hier Berechnung und Nachweis der Spenden gegeben sein soll, ließe es sich vielleicht also erklären. Oben Kap. 36, 6 wird bereits das Herbeischaffen und Bringen der Spenden als עשית מלאכה bezeichnet. כל הזהב העשוי למלאכה könnte demnach heißen: alles zum Werk geschaffte Gold, d.h. alles als Spende gebrachte Gold war בכל מלאכת הקדש, war in dem ganzen Werk des Heiligtums, d. h. war ganz in das Werk des Heiligtums aufgegangen, es war ganz verbraucht.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Chizkuni
ויהי זהב התנופה, “all the gold used for the waveoffering amounted to, etc.;” the reason why the Torah used the expression תנופה, here, an expression usually used only with specific offerings for specific purposes by an individual donor, is that when presenting his gift, the owner had had to lift it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Siftei Chakhamim
It counts as units all the shekalim . . . Explanation: if the maneh of the Sanctuary was double, it is understandable that 1,775 extra shekalim are counted as units, as they did not add up to a kikar. However, if we say the maneh was not double, then 1,500 shekalim equal a kikar. So why are 1,750 shekalim counted [as units that did not add up to a kikar]? The count should be 201 kikar, plus 275 shekalim that did not add up to a kikar. Thus we must conclude that the maneh was double. [It comes out that] this, too, is a proof that the maneh of the sanctuary was double, making the kikar [also] double.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Or HaChaim on Exodus
The Torah may also allude to miracles which occurred to the gold used for the vessels of the Tabernacle. We all know that when one constructs vessels out of any metal including gold, the fact that it has to be melted down, etc., results in some diminution of the original amount of metal one started with. The more the original lump of gold had to be divided in order to construct all the various smaller parts made of gold, the greater the percentage lost in the process. The Torah testifies here that there was absolutely no wastage; all the original material was used up fully to become part of the sacred work בכל מלאכת הקודש. The word העשוי may be translated as "fit to be used to make something of." If something that the Israelites contributed was fit to be used in the construction of the Tabernacle, it was fully made use of. The word בכל means that all of the original amount contributed was immediately put to use in the construction. If this had not been the case, the miracle that nothing was left over would not have been noticeable. One could have added materials from the pool of raw materials whenever one ran short of something. This was not the case, however. The miracle was noticeable only because there was neither excess nor shortage during any stage of the construction of the many items required for the project.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rav Hirsch on Torah
Es scheint jedoch unter הקדש hier speziell das אהל מועד im Gegensatz zum חצר verstanden zu sein, wie aus אדני הקדש (V. 27) erhellt, wo entschieden nur die Füße des אהל מועד im Gegensatz zu den Füßen des Vorhofs, die von Kupfer waren, verstanden sein können. Es dürfte dann, und dies insbesondere nach der zweiten Auffassung des V. 21, hier die ideelle Reihenfolge der Räume des Heiligtums an der Verwendung der Metalle vergegenwärtigt sein. Nachdem in dem Begriff פקודי המשכן alles Angefertigte als gleich wesentliche Bestandteile der "Wohnung des Zeugnisses" bezeichnet worden, werden sie uns nun in ihrer gleichwohl ideellen Abstufung charakterisiert: alles Gold kam nur zu dem קדש zur Verwendung; aus Silber bestanden die Füße des קדש und die Häupter, Halter und Umrankungen der Vorhofssäulen; aus Kupfer die Füße und Geräte des Vorhofes. Es ist dies die Projektion des Gesamttempelheiligtums in dreifacher Abstufung. (siehe Kap. 27, 18.) Es ist dann auch begreiflich, warum beim Silber und Kupfer die Verwendung spezifiziert ist, beim Golde aber eine solche spezifizierte Angabe fehlt. Es genügte beim Golde zu sagen: במלאכת הקדש; außer dem קדש hatte Gold keine Verwendung. Silber aber gehört keinem speziellen Raum an, bildet vielmehr die überleitende Mittelstufe zwischen חצר und קדש, es zeichnet die Zielhöhe des חצר und die Basis des קדש. Und auch die Verwendung des Kupfers ließ sich nicht einfach durch חצר bezeichnen, da die אדני פתח אהל מועד (siehe Kap. 26, 37.), sowie die יתדות המשכן von Kupfer waren, übrigens auch das dem חצר angehörige כיור nicht von dem "Kupfer der Spende", sondern speziell aus den Spiegeln der Frauen gebildet war.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Chizkuni
'תשע ועשרים ככר וגו, twenty nine talents, plus. seven hundred and thirty shekels; for anyone interested, the total amount of gold used in the construction of the Tabernacle amounted to 1460 liters” [we are not familiar with the units used by our author that his readers in France were obviously familiar with Ed.]
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rav Hirsch on Torah
Die Summe des freiwillig gespendeten Silbers ist aber gar nicht genannt, weil dies überhaupt keine vorgeschriebene Verwendung beim Bau des Heiligtums hatte. Mutmaßlich sind davon מזרקות ,כלי שרת zum Opferaltar, die nach Kap. 27, 3 nur von Kupfer zu sein brauchten, jedoch auch von Silber sein durften (רמב׳׳ם הל׳ בית הבחירה יט wא), gemacht worden.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rav Hirsch on Torah
Ein gewöhnlicher ככר hatte 60 מנה, ein סלעים 25 מנה, gleichbedeutend mit שקלים (wie דינרין 4 :סלע, daher ein מנה im Talmud: 100 דינרץ). Der ככר des Heiligtums war aber doppelt und hatte 120 מנה, oder 120 x 25. — 3000 שקל (Bechorot 5a) halbe 603.550 halbe שקל = 301.775 ganzeשקל . 300.000 שקל = 100ככר à 3000. Bleiben 1.775 שקל zur Verwendung für צפן׳ רשא׳ העמודים וויהם וחשוקיהם
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy