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창세기 17:6의 주석

וְהִפְרֵתִ֤י אֹֽתְךָ֙ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְגוֹיִ֑ם וּמְלָכִ֖ים מִמְּךָ֥ יֵצֵֽאוּ׃

내가 너로 심히 번성케 하리니 나라들이 네게로 좇아 일어나며 열왕이 네게로 좇아 나리라

Rashi on Genesis

ונתתיך לגוים AND I WILL MAKE NATIONS OF THEE — Israel and Edom only are intended here for Ishmael was already born to him and He could not, therefore, have been making any announcement concerning him.
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Ramban on Genesis

AND I WILL MAKE NATIONS OF THEE. The language of Rashi: “Israel and Edom are referred to here, for Ishmael was already born to him, and He could not therefore have been making any announcement concerning him.”
But in my opinion it is not correct that He should inform him of Esau at the time of the covenant of circumcision since Esau does not observe circumcision and has not been commanded thereon, as the Sages expounded in Tractate Sanhedrin:40259b.For in Isaac shall seed be called to thee,403Further, 21:12. but not all of Isaac.”404Not all of the children of Isaac, namely Jacob and Esau, but only “in” Isaac, meaning only one, Jacob. Instead, [the proper interpretation is that] Israel alone is called “nations” and “peoples,” as in the verses: Yea, He loveth the peoples;405Deuteronomy 33:3. They shall call peoples unto the mountains;406Ibid., Verse 19. After thee, Benjamin, among the peoples.407Judges 5:14. Even after the birth of all the tribes, He said: A nation and a company of nations shall be of thee;408Further, 35:11. And I will make of thee a company of peoples.409Ibid., 48:4.
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Radak on Genesis

והפרתי אותך במאד מאד ונתתיך לגוים, as we already explained, this refers to Yitzchok, Ishmael and the sons of Keturah. Alternatively, it refers only to Yitzchok's offspring Yaakov, and his offspring alone. The meaning of the word גוים then would be "tribes" as suggested by Onkelos. [in a different manuscript from that copied in our Chumashim. Ed.]
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Tur HaArokh

ונתתיך לגויים, “I shall make you into nations;” Rashi believes that the plural “nations” refers to the Jewish people on the one hand and to Edom (Rome) on the other. Seeing that Yishmael had already been born, Rashi does not consider this promise/prophecy as applying to the Arab nation. Nachmanides considers Rashi’s commentary as flawed, seeing that it is most unlikely that at the time when G’d was preoccupied with the circumcision He should prophesy to Avraham concerning an as yet unborn Esau. After all, Avraham was neither in charge of Esau nor did the duty to circumcise him devolve upon him instead of upon his father Yitzchok (if and when). . According to Nachmanides both Yishmael and Esau’s descendants are called גויים, whereas the Jewish people are referred to as עם. He quotes Deut. 33,3 אף חובב עמים as proof. There are other verses of the same kind. [however, there are numerous occasions when the Jewish people are referred to as גוי, as in Exodus 33,13, Joshua 3,17, Genesis 25,23, Deut. 4,38 and numerous others. Ed.]
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The Midrash of Philo

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Rav Hirsch on Torah

Aber für diesen Zweck der Erhebung der Gesamtmenschheit zu ihrer geistig sittlichen Höhe, und außer dieser allgemeinen Bedeutung, sichert dir mein ברית noch ein Besonderes: du selbst wirst Stammvater eines großen Volkes. Dieses Volk, das als Mustervolk der Gesamtvölkermenge voranwandeln soll, wird sich selbst als גוים, als eine Völkermehrheit darstellen. Es wird aus Stämmen bestehen, deren jeder eine besondere Charakternuance der Völkererscheinung zur Anschauung bringen und so tatsächlich bewahrheiten soll, dass der Gottesbund, der göttliche Menschenberuf an keine Berufseigentümlichkeit geknüpft und durch keine gehindert ist. Nicht Löwenmut, nicht Handelsgeist, nicht Studientrieb etc. etc. bedingt oder hindert Abrahams Sendung an die Menschheit. Ein Kriegervolk wie Juda, ein Handelsvolk wie Sebulun, ein Volk der Gelehrsamkeit wie Isachar, des Ackerbaues wie Ascher etc. etc. alle sind berufen, die allgemeine Aufgabe des gemeinschaftlichen Berufes, die das Judentum lehrt, in ihrer besonderen Lebenstätigkeit zu verwirklichen. Keine Kirche, ein Volk, wollte Gott durch Abraham stiften, ein Volk für die ganze Fülle von Völkern, darum sollte dieses Volk selbst aus volkstümlich gesonderten Stämmen, aus גוים bestehen. So wird das verheißene jüdische Volk Jakob gegenüber, bei welchem ja an gar kein anderes Volk zu denken ist, ausdrücklich (1. B. M. 35,11) גוי וקהל גוים genannt, גוי וקהל גוים יהיה ממך, es ist einerseits גי, eine geschlossene Einheit, und besteht andererseits aus קהל גוים.
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Radak on Genesis

ומלכים ממך יצאו, this too means the same as Onkelos said, that some of your descendants will become kings over nations.
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