출애굽기 32:27의 주석
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׂ֥ימוּ אִישׁ־חַרְבּ֖וֹ עַל־יְרֵכ֑וֹ עִבְר֨וּ וָשׁ֜וּבוּ מִשַּׁ֤עַר לָשַׁ֙עַר֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהִרְג֧וּ אִֽישׁ־אֶת־אָחִ֛יו וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבֽוֹ׃
모세가 그들에게 이르되 이스라엘의 하나님 여호와께서 이같이 말씀하시기를 너희는 각각 허리에 칼을 차고 진 이 문에서 저 문까지 왕래하며 각 사람이 그 형제를, 각 사람이 그 친구를, 각 사람이 그 이웃을 도륙하라 하셨느니라
Rashi on Exodus
כה אמר הי וגו׳ THUS SAITH THE LORD etc. — Where did he say so? In the command, (Exodus 22:19) “He that sacrificeth unto any god shall utterly be destroyed”. Thus is it stated in the Mechilta.
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Ramban on Exodus
THUS SAITH THE ETERNAL, THE G-D OF ISRAEL. The reason for this expression383‘Elokei’ (the G-d of) Israel — the Divine Name which denotes the attribute of justice. is that since the worshippers of the calf had intended to sacrifice to the G-d of Israel, therefore the attribute of justice extracted punishment from them, because they “mutilated the shoots” [of faith],384See Note 308 above. and besides, for the judgment is G-d’s.385Deuteronomy 1:17. It is for this reason that he [Moses], said of the Levites, for the G-d of Israel hath separated you from the congregation of Israel,386Numbers 16:9. for the Service is to the G-d of Israel, and to His Name they were separated by virtue of this meritorious deed.
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Sforno on Exodus
עברו ושובו משער לשער; in order to secure atonement for those members of the people who had not actively participated in the sin but were guilty of not having protested the sin. By not now protesting the execution of the guilty ones either they proved deserving of being forgiven.
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