레위기 16:21의 주석

איש עתי A READY MAN — one who was held in readiness for this purpose from yesterday (Yoma 66a; Sifra, Acharei Mot, Section 4 8).

AND HE SHALL PUT THEM UPON THE HEAD OF THE GOAT. Such an expression is not used with reference to the bullock of Aaron [over which he confessed his own sins and those of the other priests], nor in relation to the goat of the sin-offering of the Eternal, nor regarding the leaning of hands upon any of the offerings. This is because all offerings were brought for acceptance upon the fires of G-d⁸⁴Above, 4:35; 5:12. [which burnt on the altar], and thus they effected pardon and atonement. But this [goat that was sent away to Azazel], since it was not for G-d, and the recipient thereof [i.e. Sammael] has no power to offer atonement or pardon, therefore the goat merely carries the people’s sins away, and [the accusing angel] must answer “Amen” against his will.¹⁰⁵See Ramban above, Verse 8 [in connection with the quote from the Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer about Sammael]. The particular expression of Ramban here is based upon a Rabbinic tradition (Shabbath 119 b) that two ministering angels, one good and one bad, accompany a person on the eve of the Sabbath on his way from the synagogue to his home. If the house is in order, the light is kindled, and peace reigns throughout, the good angel says, “May it be so on the next Sabbath as well,” and the bad angel answers “Amen” against his will, etc. When the Israelites are free from all sins and transgressions [as after the moment of confession of sins over the goat sent to Azazel], he indeed carries their sins away, as is mentioned in many verses in the Torah¹⁰⁶E.g., thou shalt set the blessing upon Mount Gerizim, and the curse upon Mount Ebal (Deuteronomy 11:29). and the prophets. This then is [the meaning of the expression], and the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities.¹⁰⁷Verse 22. That was the reason why the thread of crimson wool¹⁰⁸A thread of crimson wool was tied on the head of the goat as soon as the lot determined that it was to be sent to Azazel (Yoma 41 b). When the person who brought it there finally arrived at the ravine, he divided the threat and tied one half to the rock and the other half between the horns of the goat (ibid., 67a). There was also a thread of crimson wool tied to the door of the Sanctuary (ibid., 68 b). At the moment of the fulfillment of the Divine command concerning this goat, the threads miraculously turned white as a sign of the Divine forgiveness, as it is said, though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow (Isaiah 1:18) (Yoma 68 b). turned white at the time when the goat was sent away to Azazel, i.e., at the moment that he pushed it over the cliff, when it was broken in pieces, as is mentioned in the words of the Sages.¹⁰⁹Ibid., 67 a.

ביד איש עתי, a man familiar with the paths and the desert regions, someone always available, on call, for such an assignment.