스가랴 14:22의 주석

Behold! A day of the Lord is coming A day dear to the Lord.

and your plunder shall be shared within you Those dwelling within you shall share the plunder that you shall plunder [from] the enemies. And so does Jonathan render: And the house of Israel shall share the wealth of the peoples in your midst, O Jerusalem.

and the rest of the people Not all of them will be exiled. Now, why will He permit them [i.e., the gentile nations] to exile half of them and to plunder the houses? So that they should not have an excuse, saying, “We have not come for war, but we have come to prostrate ourselves.”

like the day he waged war on the day of battle Like the day He waged war on the Red Sea.

in the midst thereof lit., from its half

toward the east and toward the west From east to west, as he goes on and concludes.

and half the mountain shall move to the north, etc. The northern half shall move from its place and draw toward the north, and so... and half of it to the south Toward the south; and the valley between them will have its beginning to the east and its end to the west.

And you shall flee to the valley of the mountains Jonathan renders. And the valley of the mountains shall be stopped up. Since Jerusalem is surrounded by mountains, and there is a valley between the mountains in the north and the Mount of Olives, and [this is also] so in the south, when half of the Mount of Olives draws toward the mountain in the north, the valley between them will be stopped up. [This will also be] so in the south.

shall reach The height of the valley that will be between the mountains.

to Azal To the height of the mountaintops that are from either side. So did Menahem classify this (Machbereth p. 32), with (Isa. 41:9) “and from its nobles I called you.” Its meaning is an expression of height.

and you shall flee when you see this great wonder.

as you fled because of the earthquake [Isa. 6:4] “And the doorposts quaked” on the day that Uzziah was stricken with zaraath.

all holy ones Angels.

there shall be no light, only disappearing light and thick darkness Jonathan renders. There shall not be light, only light that passes away, and thickness, i.e., there shall not be splendrous light, only יְקָרוֹת and קִפָּאוֹן shall [there] be. יְקָרוֹת An expression similar to (Ps. 37:20), “like the disappearing light over the plains.” Like a sort of light that appears in the morning over the mountains and disappears little by little.

Light of yeqarot. Clear/bright light as in (Job 31:26) "or the moon walking yaqar (in brightness/splendor).

And it shall come to pass on that day - on the day that he mentioned that there would be the sign, this is the matter, that there will not be light of yeqarot nor of qippa'on, and the interpretation by way of analogy is that the light of day will not be bright, which is the light of yeqarot, as in "the moon walks yaqar (in brightness)" (Job 31:26), and neither [will there be] light of qippa'on, which is frozen and thick, which is like darkness. And the interpretation is that that day will not be neither all like light nor all like darkness, meaning neither comfortable nor troubling, but rather both of them will be in it. And likewise he (Zechariah) says after it (verse 7)"not day and not night." And Jonathan translated, "there will not be light, but rather passing light and ice/thickness/congealment"

וְקִפָּאוֹן Congealed and dark and thick, like ice that is congealed and frozen, as in (Job 10: 10), “And like cheese You curdled me.”

And Qippa'on. It means darkness, like solidified matter, which is something clear which became thick, as in (Exodus 15: 8) "the deep froze [in the heart of the sea].

And it shall be one day And this thing shall be one day of the day of the Holy One, blessed be He. That day shall be known, that it is for the preparation of the salvation by the Holy One, blessed be He.

neither day Neither [will it be] a light of splendor, like the light of the world to come, as it is stated (Isa. 30:26): “The light of the sun shall be sevenfold as the light of the seven days.”

nor night Nor a time of trouble, like the trouble of the preceding subjugation by the kingdoms, shall [these days] be, for they will be the days of the Messiah, and there shall be no subjugation during these days.

and it shall come to pass that at eventide Before the thousand years are up there shall be a splendrous light, and all the good promised to Israel [will come]. And so did Jonathan translate: Not like the light of day and not like the darkness of night.

And it shall come to pass on that day when the Mount of Olives will split from east to west.

spring water shall come forth from Jerusalem and flow to the east by way of the crevice to... the eastern sea which is to the east of the world; and half of it will turn to the west, to the western sea. This is the spring concerning which Joel (4:18) prophesied: “And a spring shall emanate from the house of the Lord.” That is the spring concerning which Ezekiel (47:3) prophesied: “And he measured a thousand cubits and he made me pass through the water.”

shall the Lord be one For all the nations shall abandon their vanities and acknowledge Him, that He is one, and [that] no strange deity is with Him.

And the Lord shall become King over all the earth – this is the meaning of the metaphor of the water, that the whole world will recognize the Lord’s sovereignty and unity. Until now there were nations which did not believe in His unity, and said that there were two or more points of origin. Then ‘the Lord will be one,’ and the nations who acknowledged the unity of the Lord but combined another agent with His guiding of the world, or with His name, memory or nobility, etc…Then His name will also be one, because everyone will believe in the true unity, His special providence and guidance and his sovereignty. So too in the future the four-lettered name will be read as it is written, because the use of appellations is due to the divisions between lovingkindness, mercy and the like in His guidance of the world. In the future there will be one simple mode of guidance:

And the Lord shall become King - When the nations who come to Jerusalem see the wonders mentioned here, they will recognize that the Lord reigns over all the earth and exerts His providence on the lower world. He does with them as he pleases, and nature is transformed to do the will of those who fear Him, because everything is the work of His hands:

and His name one That His name shall be mentioned by everyone.

The whole earth shall be changed The whole earth shall be changed to be like a plain. The mountains will be lowered, and the whole world will be a plain; and Jerusalem will be a mountain, so that it should appear higher than everything [else in the world].

from the hill of Rimmon We learned in Tosefta of Sotah (11:14): South of Jerusalem is a plain, and the hill of Rimmon is rocks and clods. Rather, so is [the] interpretation [of this phrase]: From the hill of Rimmon, which is a mountainous place from there [the mountains of the world] will begin to be changed, to [be] a plain; and they will be like the south of Jerusalem, which is a plain.

but it will be elevated high Since its entire environs are a plain, it will appear high.

and remain in its old place in its place

until the corner gate, and from the tower of Hananel which will also be in its place; and from there shall extend the length of the city until the king’s wine-cellars Jonathan renders: the pits off the king, fosec in Old French. [This is] like [a word in] Baba Kamma 50b, “trenches and caves.” And so, all wine cellars in Scripture are expressions of trenches, referring to the pit that is before the wine press, into which the wine flows. And the Midrash Aggadah (Pesikta d’Rav Kahana p. 143a; Song Rabbah 7:4, cf. Mattenoth Kehunnah, Radal) [identifies] the pits of the king with the ocean: that Jerusalem will reach the end of the whole world, the pits dug out by the supreme King of kings.

and there shall be no more destruction The city shall no longer be in ruins.

his flesh will waste away while he still stands This denotes the falling off of the limbs.

there will be great consternation, sent by the Lord upon them to confuse their wisdom, to bring them about to madness.

each one will seize the hand of the other He will seize him to slay him.

and his hand shall rise up Whoever is stronger is victorious.

Yea, even Judah against their will shall fight against Jerusalem.

similar to this plague which is delineated above, that his flesh shall waste away.

the festival of Tabernacle As our Sages explained in tractate Avodah Zarah (3a): I have an easy commandment named Sukkah, as is stated in the first halachic discussion.

rain Actual rain to cause the produce of their land to grow. Now, what reason did He have for decreeing upon them the withholding of rain? That the commandments of the festival are based on the rains: the four species of the lulav and the water libation are to appease God for water. Since the festival of Tabernacles is the time of the rains of the year, no rain will fall on those who entertain doubts concerning the festival of Tabernacles. This is learned in the Tosefta of Sukkah (4:7).

And if the family of Egypt does not go up and they do not require rain, for the Nile comes up and waters it [i.e., the land of Egypt].

it shall not [rain] upon them Their rain shall not be upon them; i.e., the Nile will not water them, and so did Jonathan render: The Nile shall not ascend upon them.

the plague will be The plague of famine.

with which the Lord will plague This will be the punishment of Egypt and the punishment of all the nations, as He states. “upon them there shall be no rain.”

there will be upon the bells of the horses On the bells that are hung on the horse for beauty between its eyes (Pesachim 50a). Those, too, will be consecrated to make service vessels: sprinkling basins for the blood and pots to cook the flesh of the many sacrifices.

Yea, every pot...will be All those that are used to remove the ashes, they too will be of gold and of silver, like the sprinkling basins that are before the altar.

the bells of the horses tentinonc in Old French.

and there will no longer be a trafficker They will not require trafficking, as in (Isa. 23:8): “whose traffickers were the honored of the earth.” Another explanation: There is no poor man here.