예레미야애가 2:26의 Halakhah

But is the worthy for all those who fear heaven and for "soldiers" [strong ones] who G-d touches their hearts to arise at the half-point of the night to lament a little with the Psalm, "On the rivers of Babylon (Psalm 137)" (as it is printed in the siddurim) on the destruction of the Temple and the lack of revelation of the divine presence as it is written, "Arise, cry out in the night (Lamentations 2:19)". Just like the Holy One, Blessed be He, lamented at that time and says, " Whoa is me that I destroyed my house". It is better to say less with intent that more without intent. Afterwords, one should toil in the Oral Torah until daylight.

And it is already known what is argued about this stringency in the book of the Zohar. Such is said in the Gemara that "midnight" is a time of will, as it is written, "And it was the half [way point] of [the] night and G-d struck the every first born..." (Shemot 12:29). And they also said that one who occupies himself with Torah at night, the divine presence is in front of him as it says, "Arise, cry out in the night, at the beginning of the watches; pour out thy heart like water before the face of the Lord" (Lamentations 2:19). Meaning, the divine presence is found with you and " beginning of the watches" is at "midnight" (if he can not get up at half way through the night, he should get up at the beginning at the beginning of the third watch (the beginning of the last third of the night)). He that is involved with Torah at night, a string of kindness is pulled on him, as it says, "By day, may the Lord command His kindness, and at night, may His resting place be with me..." (Psalms 42:9). This is called a servant of G-d as it is written, " Behold, bless the Lord, all servants of the Lord who stand in the house of the Lord at night." (Psalms 134:1). It is proper to prepare a rooster to awake him from his slumber and "midnight", which was the doing of Rabbi Akiva. He pulled along with him a rooster, even when he would go on his travels so that it would awake him at "midnight". If the rooster did not awake him, he would pay someone to awaken him.

Chapters of the Psalms, and other sections of the Torah, Prophets and Scriptures, in which all are not sufficiently fluent, must not be recited by heart. Even someone who knows [them sufficiently] to recite them by heart should be careful not to recite them by heart.¹⁶According to Mishnah Berurah you may recite Psalms by heart, since it is similar to saying prayers. However, a blind person may recite them by heart.

When praying, you should be mindful that the Divine Presence is before you as it is said in Scriptures: "Pour out your heart like water before the Presence of Hashem."⁹Lamentations 2:19. Arouse your concentration, and rid yourself of all disturbing thoughts, so that your thoughts and concentration are purely on the prayers. Consider, if you were speaking before a mortal king,¹⁰Lit. a king of flesh and blood. how well you would organize your words and concentrate on them properly, taking care not to blunder. Certainly then, before the King, Who is King of kings, the Holy One, blessed is He, you must concentrate your thoughts before Him; because to Him, blessed is His Name, thought is the same as speech, and He scrutinizes all thoughts. Before praying, consider the exalted [majesty] of the Almighty, blessed is His Name, and the insignificance of man, and banish [the thoughts] of all humanistic pleasures from your heart.

To preserve your sense of sight, take the following precautions: Do not come suddenly, all at once, from a dark place to a well-lit one. If you need to enter from a dark place to a lighted one, open the door a bit and look at that small amount of light for a few moments, then open it more and again look at that light for a few moments, and then open it completely. Do the same when going from a lighted area to a dark one. This is because the shift from light to darkness, or from darkness to light, without any transition, damages the sense of sight. For this reason G-d, blessed be His name, in His great mercy created the world in such a way that the sun shines upon the earth little by little, not all at once, and likewise sets little by little. For this we bless Him as “the One who illuminates the earth and those who dwell upon it, with mercy,” meaning that He mercifully makes the sun shine little by little, and not suddenly, all at once. Reflected light from the sun—meaning that the sun shines on something and from there the light is reflected—is a light that is damaging to the eyes. Therefore you should take care not to dwell in a house where all the windows are on the north side, because the sun does not come to the north, so that all the light that comes from that side is only reflected light. Similarly, even if the windows are on the eastern, southern or western sides, if you cannot see the sky through the windows—for example, if there are high walls opposite them—then the light that comes through them is also only reflected light. You should take care not to be occupied with writing, reading a book, or any sort of detailed work by twilight, or in the middle of the day, when the sun’s light is at full strength. You should also not do too much writing, reading of books with fine print, or any other sort of detailed work by candlelight at night. Too much staring at the color white also damages the eyes; that is why the sky appears blue, not white, so it should not damage the eyes. Likewise, staring excessively at a bright red color, or at fire, is also damaging. Smoke and sulfurous fumes are also damaging, as are fine dust and wind that blows into one’s eyes. Also too much walking and large strides, and excessive crying [are harmful], as the verse says, “My eyes are spent with tears.”⁹Eichah 2:11. Most detrimental of all is excessive sexual intercourse. By contrast, “the commandment of G-d is clear, enlightening the eyes.”¹⁰Tehillim 19:9.

In the evening, upon entering the synagogue, you should remove your shoes¹Maharil writes that shoes should be removed before leaving the house to go to the synagogue. (See Mishnah Berurah 553:5) (as we have written at the conclusion of the previous chapter). It is customary to remove the covering of the Torah Ark, because it is written, "He has carried out His word" (Lamentations 2:17) (for explanation, see 124:3 below) and to have only one light in front of the Chazzan. We pray Maariv in a low and tearful voice, like mourners. We do not say Nacheim (comfort) until the Shemoneh Esrei of Minchah of the next day. After the Shemoneh Esrei, the Chazzan says the whole Kaddish including tiskabbeil, and everyone sits on the floor. Then a few lights are lit, sufficient for the congregation to say Eichah (Lamentations) and Kinnos. Eichah and kinnos are also recited in a low, tearful voice. When saying Eichah, a short pause should be made between one verse and the other, and a slightly longer pause between one chapter and the other. At the beginning of each chapter of Eichah, the Chazzan raises his voice a little more. The last verse of each chapter should be said in a loud voice, and when he reaches the verse Hashiveinu etc. (Bring us back), the congregation recites it aloud. The Chazzan then concludes the reading, and the congregation repeats Hashiveinu etc. aloud, and the Chazzan does the same. After that, Ve'atah kadosh (You are the Holy One) is recited by the congregation and the complete Kaddish without tiskabbeil is said by the Chazan, since it says in Eichah, "He shuts out My prayer" (Lamentations 3:8). The next morning at Shacharis, tiskabbeil is again omitted in the Kaddish. It is not said until Minchah. A person who prays by himself, because he can find no minyan (quorum of ten males thirteen years and older), should also recite Eichah and Kinnos.

In the morning, we do not put on the tefillin, because tefillin are called an "ornament." Neither do we put on the large tallis, because it is written, "Bitza imraso" (Lamentations 2:17), and the Targum translates, "He tore his purple cloak apart." But you should put on your tallis katan (small tallis) without saying a berachah.³If you removed your tallis katan at night, some maintain that you should say a berachah when you put it on in the morning. (Ibid. 555:2) You should go to the synagogue a bit earlier than usual.⁴If starting Shacharis early will cause the congregation to conclude saying Kinnos much before midday, it is better not to start too early. (Ibid. 559:16) No light should be lit for the prayers.⁵At Minchah, however, lights may be lit. (Ibid. 559:15) Again, prayers should be said in a low and tearful voice. We do say Mizmor Lesodah (a Psalm of thanksgiving). In the repetition of the Shemoneh esrei the Chazzan says Aneinu (Answer us) between Ga'al Yisrael (the Redeemer of Israel) and Refa'einu (Heal us), as on every other public fast day. He does not say the Birkas kohanim (priestly blessing).⁶This rule is not mentioned in Mishnah Berurah. After the Shemoneh esrei, he says half-kaddish. We do not say Tachanun or Keil erech apayim (O' God, slow to anger), because Tishah beAv is called a moed. A Seifer Torah is taken out and the section Ki solid banim etc. is read (When you will have children) etc. (Deuteronomy 4:25), is read for three persons. It is proper for the one called up, to say quietly, Baruch dayan ha'emes⁷This custom is also not mentioned in Mishnah Berurah. (Blessed is the true Judge) before saying the berachah. After the reading of the Torah, half-kaddish is said, and the haftarah is read of the chapter, Asof asifeim, [I will destroy them completely] (Jeremiah 8:13) in the tone of Eichah. The Seifer Torah is then replaced in the Ark. Everyone is seated on the floor to say Kinnos.⁸During the saying of Kinnos, it is forbidden to walk out of the synagogue or to engage in conversation which interrupt your thoughts and feelings of mourning the destruction. Light-headedness is always forbidden in the synagogue, and certainly so on Tishah beAv, a day of mourning over the destruction and the consequent exile of our people. (See Mishnah Berurah 559:22) The saying of kinnos should be drawn out, until close to noon. Then Ashrei (Fortunate are those) is said omitting Lamenatzei'ach, (For the conductor), and we say Uva letziyon go'eil [A redeemer shall come to Zion] etc., but we omit the verse Va'ani zos berisi [And as for Me, this is My covenant], for it would appear, as if He established a covenant for the Kinnos, and, besides, it would be inappropriate to say Va'ani zos berisi etc., Lo yamushu mipicha etc. (My words shall not depart from your mouth), since no one is studying Torah, as Torah study is forbidden (on Tishah beAv). But at a mourner's house, during the entire year, except on Tishah beAv, the verse should be said, for, although the mourner is not studying Torah, those that come to console him are not exempt [from Torah study]. Then, Ve'atah kadosh is said (And You are the Holy One) etc., followed by the complete kaddish, omitting tiskabbeil, then Aleinu (It is our duty) is said, and the mourner's kaddish. We do not say Shir hayichud (Song of God's Unity), nor Shir shel yom (Song of the day), nor Pittum haketores (The incense mixture). It is proper for everyone to read Eichah afterwards