잠언 22:31의 Halakhah

From time immemorial, Judaism has manifested a concern for education bordering on the obsessive. Abraham is described as worthy of divine favor "For I have known him to the end that he may instruct his children and his household after him, that they keep the way of God, to do righteousness and justice" (Genesis 18:19). Loyalty to the traditions of Judaism in adulthood can be assured only if proper training is provided during formative years. As expressed by King Solomon, "Train a child in his way and even when he is old he will not depart from it" (Proverbs 22:6).

And know that even if he heard his young son and daughter speaking lashon hara, it is a mitzvah to rebuke them and to stop them, as it is written (Mishlei 22:6): "Guide the youth according to his bent, etc.", as it is explained in Orach Chaim 343:1, in connection with all the issurim in the Torah.

At the end of Halachot Tmura (Chapter 4, Halacha 13) Maimonides wrote: "Most of the laws of the Torah are nothing but remote advice, from the greatest of advice, to correct opinions and straighten all deeds, and he also says (Proverbs 22:20):" I did not write to you Thirds in councils and opinion, to inform you adorned with truths to return sayings to your senders. "Thus far the language of Maimonides his memory for blessing:

The earliest references to this matter in rabbinic literature focus upon ascription of authorship rather than upon proprietary rights and the concern expressed is for recognition of intellectual prowess rather than protection of pecuniary interests. Thus, Avot 6:6 declares that one who repeats a halakhah or insight in the name of its original exponent brings salvation to the world. This doctrine is supported by the verse "… and Esther told the king in the name of Mordecai" (Esther 2:22). Esther's report to Ahasuerus in the name of Mordecai set in motion a train of events which led to the salvation of the Jewish people. An even stronger statement establishing an absolute obligation to acknowledge the source of scholarly insights is found in a midrashic statement recorded in Tanḥuma, Parashat Bamidbar, 22, and in Yalkut Shim'oni, Proverbs 22:22, and cited by Magen Avraham, Oraḥ Hayyim 156:2: "One who does not repeat a matter in the name of the person who said it transgresses the negative commandment 'Rob not the weak because he is poor (Proverbs 22:22).' "

The essence of piety is to apply oneself constantly to things, where his passions are most challenging, such as evil gossip, the evil inclination, vanities, not to speak falsely, not to stare at women or speak of worldly curiosities or walk about idly; implicit in all this is evil passion. Thus he should not swear at all, nor invoke God’s name in vain, and so in all similar matters that go on constantly, where his passion overpowers him and he cannot withstand (he will be able to resist) only if he has been trained from childhood. Therefore let a man train his children in these matters while they are yet small and when they grow old they will not forsake them or set them aside; as it is written, “And even when he is old he will not depart from it” (Prov. 22:6). Take, for example, tallith and phylacteries, many men of quality wish to garb themselves with fringes and put on the phylacteries but refrain from doing so because of embarrassment; however all matters in which a man is trained (to do so) in childhood, when he grows up and attempts to forsake (them) it will be as difficult for him as death. But if a man strengthens himself in Torah and commandments and good deeds, then it becomes difficult for him to depart from them because of the embarrassment; people will say all that he has done so far has been to deceive people, as has been mentioned. He is called hasid, which is derived from hasadim (kindness).¹The term hasid used to describe the pious and saintly, derives from the Hebrew word hesed, meaning act of loving kindness. He is also called hasid because of the term hasidah (stork) (Deut. 14:18) which Onkelos translates huraitha (white bird). And it is written, “not now shall he be ashamed, neither shall his face now wax pale” (Isa. 29:22), which has the meaning of insult and shame that if they insult him and cause his face to become white and he like one deaf can not hear and like a mute does not open his mouth and does not insult anyone, then he is called pious.²Midrash Tehillim, ed. Buber, p. 123. And in the hereafter his face will shine brightly and he will succeed to sit in the seven classes of righteous men who will receive the Shekhina and enjoy the Divine Glory.³Midrash Rabbah (New York-Berlin: Horeb Publishers, 1924), Leviticus, Chapter XXX, p. 81a. As it is written, “Arise, shine for thy light is come and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee etc…. But upon thee the Lord will arise and His glory shall be seen upon thee. And nations shall walk by thy light and kings by the brightness of thy rising” (Isa. 60:1-3). These seven classes enjoy Divine Glory.

From the roots of the commandment is to remember the miracles of Egypt, as we have written in the other [related commandments]. And this is also a trunk from the root mentioned: For it is not honorable for the sons of kings and the advisers of the land to drag the bones and break them like dogs. Except for the impoverished among the people and the starving, it is not a proper thing to do this. And therefore, as we began to become the chosen of all nations, 'a kingdom of priests and a holy nation' - and in each and every year at that time - it is fitting for us to do acts that show the great stature which we achieved at that hour, about us. And in the act and reenactment that we do, this thing is placed in our souls for eternity. My son, do not think to pounce upon my words and say, "Why would God, may He be blessed, command us to do all of these commandments to commemorate that miracle; would we not remember it with one commemoration, [such that] it not be forgotten from the mouth of our offspring?" You must know that it is not from wisdom that you would [question] me about this, and it is your youthful thoughts that lead you to this. And now, my son, 'If you have understanding,' 'incline your ear and hear,' and I will teach you to benefit from Torah and the commandments: You must know, that a man is acted upon according to his actions; and his heart and all his thoughts always follow after the actions that he does - whether good or bad. And even he who in his heart is a complete sinner and all the desires of his heart are only for evil; if his spirit shall be enlightened and he will put his efforts and actions to persist in Torah and commandments - even if not for the sake of Heaven - he shall immediately incline towards the good. And from that which is not for its own sake comes that which is for its own sake [as opposed to being for personal gain]; for the hearts are drawn after the actions. And even if a man is perfectly righteous and his heart is straight and innocent, desiring of Torah and the commandments; if he shall constantly deal with improper things, you could compare it to someone who was forced by the king to work a wicked craft - if he constantly works in that wicked craft - eventually, from his righteousness, he shall have become completely evil. For it is known and true that every man is acted upon according to his actions, as we have said. And the Sages, may their memory be blessed, said about this (Makkot 23b), "God wanted to grant merits to Israel, therefore he gave them many laws and commandments," to occupy all of our thoughts and all our deeds, to benefit us at our end [i.e. in the world to come]. Because from the good actions we are acted upon to be good and merit eternal life. And the Sages hinted at this (Menachot 43b) with their statement that anyone who has a mezuzah on his door, tsitsit on his garment and tefillin on his head is promised that he shall not sin - for these are constant commandments, and [so] he is constantly acted upon by them.

After that the meal begins. It is proper to eat the entire meal²⁹Nevertheless, if you reclined only while eating the matzah and drinking the Four Cups of wine, you have fulfilled your obligation. (Ibid. 472:23) while reclining It is customary to eat eggs. It is wise to use good judgment, and not overeat, so that you will be able to eat the afikoman, as required, (with appetite), and not on a full stomach.³⁰If you are so full that any more eating is abhorent, and you eat the Afikoman in such a condition, you have not fulfilled your obligation. (Ibid. 476:6) Roast meat should not be eaten, on the two seder nights, not even roast poultry. Even if it was boiled and then pot roasted, it should not be eaten. Some have the custom not to eat any food dipped in liquid, on the seder nights, except the two required dipped foods, so that it should be prominently recognized that these two are mitzvos. After completing the meal, the afikoman is eaten³¹Women are also obligated to eat the afikoman. (Ibid. 476:2) to remind us of the Pesach sacrifice,³²Since it is a reminder of the Pesach sacrifice, it must be eaten before midnight, as was required of the actual Pesach sacrifice. (Ibid. 476:6) Midnight does not mean 12 P.M., but is dependent on the length of the hours of daylight and night time. which was eaten at the end of the meal so that you should be completely satiated. It is proper to eat two kazeisim (of matzah for the afikoman), one to remind us of the Pesach sacrifice, and the other to recall the matzah that was eaten with the korban Pesach . At any rate, you should not eat less than a kazayis, and you should eat the afikoman, while reclining. After eating the afikoman, it is forbidden to eat anything.³³Our Sages ordained this rule, so that the taste of matzo remains with you. If you forgot and did eat something else, you must eat another kazayis of matzo for the afikoman. (Ibid. 476:1) ³⁴You are permitted to drink water. Some Poskim also permit tea. Other drinks, however, that are tasty or sharp, that would remove the taste of matzah are forbidden. (Ibid. 478:2, 481:1) The third cup is then filled for Birkas Hamazon. You must make sure that it is clean, not containing leftover wine, that is to say, nothing is left from the wine, in which matzah may have been soaked during the meal. If it is not clean, it requires washing and rinsing (See Chapter 45:4 above). It is a mitzvah to make an effort to recite Birkas Hamazon with zimun (three males), but you should not go from house to house to look for people required for zimun, because each person is required to say Birkas Hamazon in the place where he has eaten. It is customary for the master of the house to lead the zimun³⁵He takes precedence even over a guest, who is usually accorded the privilege of leading the zimun. (Ibid. 479:13) as it is said: "A man of a good eye shall bless," (Proverbs 22:9) (see Ch. 45:5) and he is called, "A man of good eye," (i.e. a generous person) because he said: "All who are hungry—let them come and eat" etc. After Birkas Hamazon, the berachah is said over the third cup, and you should drink it while reclining. It is forbidden to drink between this cup and the fourth cup.

From the laws of the commandment is that which they said (Gittin 39a) that the order of the communal reading of the Torah is like this - that the priest (Kohen) always reads first; and a Levite after him; and an Israelite after him. But if there is no priest there, the package is undone. And if there is no Levite, a priest reads twice. But a priest does not read after a priest, because of [the appearance of] the defect of the first. And a Levite does not read after a Levite, because of [the appearance of] the defect of both of them. And this honor is done for them if they are fitting it. But if they are sinners, we prevent them from honor. And they, may their memory be blessed, already said (Horayot 13a) that a mamzer Torah scholar precedes an ignoramus high priest. But today at this time, we have not seen [anyone] who had himself precede any priest, because of his wisdom - and 'following modesty is the fear of the Lord.' And the rest of its details are elucidated in scattered places of the Gemara: Makkot; Chullin; Bekhorot; Shabbat; and the rest of them (see Mishneh Torah, Laws of Vessels of the Sanctuary and Those who Serve Therein 8).