시편 136:7의 유대 사상

Furthermore, King David praises God “Who makes the great luminaries,”¹⁸Tehillim 136:7. using the present tense. King David similarly uses the present tense in the phrases,¹⁹Ibid. 136:5. “Who makes the heavens with understanding,” and, “Who spreads out the land over the waters.”²⁰Ibid. 136:6. Without a doubt, God “renews every day, continually, the work of Creation.”²¹Tosfos Yom Tov is citing the daily Shacharis liturgy. Unquestionably, were God to withdraw His Creative energy from the created beings, they would all cease to exist immediately.²²Tosfos Yom Tov is emphasizing that Creation is not a historical event that happened at the beginning of time, but an ongoing process. This concept is explained in Shalah (Asarah Maamaros, Discourse 3 and 4) and at length in Tanya (Shaar HaYichud VehaEmunah). The underlying concept is that since the world was created yesh me’ayin, i.e., existence came into being from an absolute void, its fundamental state is nothingness. Therefore, were God not to continually renew His creative energy, all of existence would return to that initial state of absolute nothingness. Accordingly, it can be said that if the sun and the moon could both be considered as great luminaries even though they are not identical, because they are “great” in comparison to other celestial bodies, then the words of praise “Who makes the great luminaries” are appropriate, the intent being that the “great luminaries” brought into being at the time of Creation are renewed each day. If, however, one postulates that the sun and the moon were identical at the time of Creation, and the moon was diminished because of its complaint, how could King David praise God as the One “Who makes the great luminaries”? At present, they are not the same as they were originally. Thus, this verse also appears to contradict the logic advanced by Gur Aryeh.

This is what the men of the Great Assembly intended when they instituted (the morning prayers) that "'ה constantly renews His creation" -- literally meaning at all times, at every moment, His creation is renewed. As it is written/explained (in Psalms): "...He, Who Makes (present tense) the great luminaries..." It does not say that "He Made" (past tense)....